Unit 1: The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Simplest structure; has weight; can’t break down; takes up space.
Ex: Water
Element
Two or more atoms joined together
Molecule
Substance contains atoms of two or more different elements
Ex: CO2
Compound
Major Elements
C-H-O-N
When an element has a different number of neutrons than protons
When an element has a different number of neutrons than protons
Reactions that holds atoms together to form molecules
Chemical bonds
Attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ionic bond
Elements that becomes charged by loss or gain of electrons and can be + or -
Ions
Atoms share electrons and form bonds between atoms
Polar covalent/hydrogen bond
Attract other polar molecules; good solvent chemical reactions in the body
Strong polarity
Water molecules stick to other water molecules; cushion in the body against trauma
Cohesion (surface tension)
Absorb heat when they form and release heat when they break. Minimizes temperature changes and keeps body temperature constant
High specific heat
Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
A + B —> AB
Ex: stirring chocolate milk
Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
AB —> A + B + Energy
Releases energy
Exchange reaction
AB + CD —> AD + CB
Reversible reaction
A + B AB
Inorganic molecules rarely contain what element?
Cannot make Energy without ____.
C
O2
Cations and anions
Substances that break down in solution to form ions.
Electrolytes
Substance that breaks down to form hydrogen bonds
Acid
When the concentration of OH- is higher than H+
Base
What molecules always contain C & H?
Organic molecules
Carbohydrates
C-H-O
Building block for carbohydrates
Glucose
Building block for proteins
Amino acids
(20)
9 essential- get through diet
10 nonessential- body makes them
