Unit 1 test A and B

Question 1

What role did Noam Chomsky play in Skinner’s early career?

a) Chomsky was a philosopher who studied language, and criticized Skinner’s biological view of language.
b) Chomsky was a linguist who influenced Skinner to adopt a cognitive view of language early in his career, before he wrote the book Verbal Behavior.
c) Chomsky was a linguist who adopted a biological view of language and criticized Skinner’s book Verbal Behavior.
d) Chomsky was an experimental psychologist who adopted the environmental view of language, and had a strong influence on Skinner’s view of language.

Answer 1

c) Chomsky was a linguist who adopted a biological view of language and criticized Skinner’s book Verbal Behavior.

Question 2

Which theory of language argues that language is controlled by internal processing systems that accept, classify, code, encode, and store verbal information?

a) Deterministic
b) Psychosocial
c) Environmental
d) Cognitive

Answer 2

d) Cognitive

Question 3

Traditional analyses of language are characterized by:

a) Traditional measures of language include phonemes and morphemes
b) Primary interest on the effect that the words emitted by the speaker have on the listener
c) All of these
d) Focus the form and structure of language

Answer 3

C) All of these

Question 4

Which of the following is Skinner’s definition of verbal behavior?

a) Behavior that is controlled by systems that classify, encode, and store verbal information from the environment.
b) Behavior that is a function of the expressive-receptive framework
c) None of these
d) Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of other persons who are trained to do so.

Answer 4

d) Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of other persons who are trained to do so.

Question 5

Skinner was interested in analyzing the function of verbal behavior. Which of the following best describes what this means?

a) None of these
b) Analyzing the physiological processes that evoke the behavior
c) Analyzing the topography of the behavior, or what it looks and sounds like.
d) Analyzing the environmental conditions that control the behavior

Answer 5

d) Analyzing the environmental conditions that control the behavior

Question 6

How is language measured in a behavioral analysis?

a) None of these
b) The unit of analysis is cognition, or the way language is received, processed, and learned.
c) The unit of analysis is the verbal operant, or three-term contingency
d) The unit of analysis is the response form, or the topography of the speaker’s response

Answer 6

c) The unit of analysis is the verbal operant, or three-term contingency

Question 7

The tact is under antecedent control of:

a) Nonverbal discriminative stimuli
b) Motivating operations
c) Specific reinforcement
d) Verbal discriminative stimuli

Answer 7

a) Nonverbal discriminative stimuli

Question 8

Why did Skinner avoid using the terms expressive and receptive language?

a) These terms imply that understanding the definition of a word is the same as expressing words
b) These terms imply that the listener’s behavior also constituted language
c) All of these
d) These terms imply that they are different manifestations of the same underlying cognitive processes

Answer 8

C) All of these

Question 9

Which of the following is false regarding the role of the listener?

a) A listener is necessary for a verbal episode
b) The listener consequates the speaker’s behavior
c) The listener functions as an antecedent stimulus to the speaker’s behavior, such as a discriminative stimulus
d) In order for a verbal episode to occur, there must be a speaker and listener, and they must be different people

Answer 9

d) In order for a verbal episode to occur, there must be a speaker and listener, and they must be different people

Question 10

Which of the following is another name for behavior that is traditionally identified as receptive language?

a) Speaker behavior
b) Verbal behavior
c) Nonverbal respondent behavior
d) Nonverbal operant behavior

Answer 10

d) Nonverbal operant behavior

Question 11

What are the main sources of control for most intraverbal behavior?

a) Verbal conditional discriminations
b) Nonverbal discriminative stimuli
c) None of these
d) Motivating Operations

Answer 11

a) Verbal conditional discrimination

Question 12

Which of the following is false regarding verbal behavior?

a) Verbal behavior is usually a pure verbal operant
b) The strength of a single response usually is a function of more than one variable
c) Any given sample of verbal behavior is almost always multiply controlled
d) The speaker him/herself can function as an audience for his/her own verbal behavior

Answer 12

a) Verbal behavior is usually a pure verbal operant

Question 13

Which of the following is false regarding autoclitics?

a) We cannot know if an episode of verbal behavior is an autoclitic just by the response form. We will only know if it is an autoclitic depending on what the statement does to the primary response.
b) If I say, “I see a big red balloon”, I am emitting an autoclitic because of the first part of the statement, “I see”.
c) Autoclitic behavior increases the probability that the listener will behave appropriately.
d) There are always two related, but separate three-term contingencies to analyze in autoclitic relations.

Answer 13

b) If I say, “I see a big red balloon”, I am emitting an autoclitic because of the first part of the statement, “I see”.

Question 14

How does Mark Sundberg define being “aware”?

a) A speaker who tacts the listener’s response to his/her verbal behavior
b) All of these
c) A speaker who tacts his/her own verbal behaviors
d) A speaker who tacts the sources of control for his/her verbal behavior

Answer 14

b) All of these

Question 15

When a speaker has an EO related to a high value of negative listener reaction and does not tact one’s own verbal behavior and the variables of which it is a function, this speaker is:

a) Unaware and not caring
b) Aware and caring
c) Aware and not caring
d) Unaware and caring

Answer 15

A) Unaware and not caring

Question 16

According to Sundberg’s self-editing classification table, speakers who are “aware and caring” are most likely to have this type of verbal behavior:

a) Offensive verbal behavior
b) High rates of verbal behavior
c) Delusional, rambling self-talk
d) weak verbal repertoires

Answer 16

d) Weak verbal repertoires

Question 17

These speakers may engage in too much editing of their verbal behavior.

a) Aware and not caring
b) Unaware and caring
c) Unaware and not caring
d) Aware and caring

Answer 17

d) Aware and caring

Question 18

Of the four different groups that Sundberg presented in the classification table, which group seems to be the most likely to not seek treatment for their verbal behavior because they do not know that they have a problem, but would be successful if they did participant in an intervention?

a) Unaware and caring
b) Aware and caring
c) Aware and not caring
d) Unaware and not caring

Answer 18

a) Unaware and caring

Question 19

When the listener covertly says, “How do I feel?” when the speaker says, “How are you doing today?” the listener emitted:

a) Nonverbal operant behavior
b) Nonverbal respondent behavior
c) Verbal respondent behavior
d) Verbal operant behavior

Answer 19

d) Verbal operant BX

Question 20

What are the three general views of language?

a) biological, experimental, and social
b) deterministic, experimental, and biological
c) biological, cognitive, and environmental
d) cognitive, experimental, and psychosocial

Answer 20

c) biological, cognitive, and environmental

Question 21

Which of the following is false?

a) Noam Chomsky criticized Skinner’s book, Verbal Behavior
b) Skinner’s book Verbal Behavior was not well received by the linguistic community and the behavioral community
c) Skinner was criticized for his cognitive view of language
d) Many credit Chomsky’s review to starting the “cognitive revolution”

Answer 21

c) Skinner was criticized for his cognitive view of language

Question 22

This framework dominates the current language assessment and intervention programs for children with autism

a) Motivating Operations-Discriminative Stimuli
b) Social Learning Theory
c) Receptive-Expressive
d) Psychoanalytic development

Answer 22

c) Receptive-Expressive

Question 23

Which of the following is false regarding Skinner’s analysis of language?

a) Skinner was more interested in the cause of language, rather than the structure of language
b) Elements of traditional linguistics are not needed for a behavioral analysis of language
c) Skinner believed that language is behavior that is a function of environmental events
d) All of these are false

Answer 23

b) Elements of traditional linguistics are not needed for a behavioral analysis of language

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding Skinner’s analysis of language?

a) Skinner was primarily interested in studying one individual’s behavior many times, rather than a thousand individual’s behavior once
b) Skinner was criticized for his terminology
c) Skinner chose the term “verbal” because the words “communication” and “language” were already taken and given different meanings.
d) All of these are true

Answer 24

d) All of these are true

Question 25

According to the definition of language from a structural linguistic point of view, which of the following would not be considered language?

a) Moving your head up and down slightly, as if nodding to mean “yes”
b) Using your hands to sign the sentence, “I love you” in American Sign Language
c) Waving your hand toward yourself, making a “come here” motion.
d) All of these

Answer 25

d) All of these

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable that is measured in the analysis of language?

a) nouns and verbs
b) word order
c) phonetic makeup
d) All of these are examples

Answer 26

d) All of these are examples

Question 27

The mand is under antecedent control of:

a) Nonverbal discriminative stimuli
b) Verbal discriminative stimuli
c) Specific reinforcement
d) Motivating operations

Answer 27

d) Motivating operations

Question 28

Which of the following is an action that the listener takes, with respect to the speaker’s verbal response?

X = Provide reinforcement

Y = Nonverbal operant behavior

a) X only
b) Y only
c) Neither X or Y
d) Both X and Y

Answer 28

d) Both X and Y

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of nonverbal operant behavior emitted by the listener?

A) When the listener covertly asks himself, “Where did I put the remote?” after the speaker asks the listener “Where is the remote?”
B) When the listener says, “Good job!” in response to the speaker saying, “5 plus 5 is 10.”
C) When the listener’s heart begins to beat faster in response to the speaker screaming, “Ouch!”
D) When the listener moves his head to look in different directions in response to the speaker saying, “There she is.”

Answer 29

D) When the listener moves his head to look in different directions in response to the speaker saying, “There she is.”

Question 30

If a response is reinforced upon a given occasion or class of occasions, any feature of that occasion or common to that class appears to gain some measure of control. This best describes:

A) Discriminative stimulus for punishment
B) Differentiation
C) Generalization
D) Motivating Operation

Answer 30

C) Generalization

Question 31

If a single antecedent stimulus, seeing a bottle of water, evokes a variety of verbal responses, such as “That is something you drink”, “That is water”, or “Aquafina”, this best describes:

a) Convergent multiple control
b) Divergent multiple control
c) Discrimination
d) Differentiation

Answer 31

b) Divergent multiple control

Question 32

Which of the following is true regarding Skinner’s tenets of radical behaviorism?

a) Skinner’s philosophical view, Radical Behaviorism, concerns the treatment of private stimuli.
b) Behavior is a function of the environment-any event in the universe is capable of affecting the organism.
c) We acquire verbal behavior controlled by public stimuli, by reactions of others to our behavior in the presence of those stimuli, and by private stimuli, where others cannot make direct contact with those stimuli.
d) All of these are true

Answer 32

d) All of these are true

Question 33

How does Mark Sundberg define “caring”?

a) Automatically reinforced behavior emitted by the speaker
b) Behavior evoked, in part, by an EO involving a high value of positive listener responses to verbal behavior due to a particular conditioning history
c) Behavior evoked by a discriminative stimulus, without an EO variable related to positive listener reaction
d) Behavior emitted by the speaker in the presence of a listener that the speaker likes

Answer 33

b) Behavior evoked, in part, by an EO involving a high value of positive listener responses to verbal behavior due to a particular conditioning history

Question 34

When a speaker has an EO related to a high value of positive listener responses to his/her verbal behavior, and does not tact the sources of control for his/her verbal behavior, this speaker is:

a) Aware and caring
b) Unaware and not caring
c) Aware and not caring
d) Unaware and caring

Answer 34

d) Unaware and caring

Question 35

When a speaker has an EO related to a high value of positive listener responses to his/her own verbal behavior, and tacts the sources of control for his/her verbal behavior, this speaker is:

a) Aware and caring
b) Unaware and not caring
c) Aware and not caring
d) Unaware and caring

Answer 35

a) Aware and Caring

Question 36

According to Sundberg’s self-editing classification table, speakers who are “unaware and caring” are most likely to have this type of verbal behavior:

a) weak verbal repertoires
b) Delusional, rambling self-talk
c) High rates of verbal behavior
d) Offensive verbal behavior

Answer 36

c) High rates of verbal behavior

Question 37

Of the four different groups that Sundberg presented in the classification table, which group seems to be the most likely to seek treatment for their verbal behavior, and have a successful treatment outcome?

a) Aware and caring
b) Unaware and not caring
c) Aware and not caring
d) Unaware and caring

Answer 37

a) Aware and caring

Question 38

Which of the following is the best example of convergent multiple control?

a) When a child says “Can I please have a cookie?” only when her dad is present because in the past her dad has given her a cookie when she has asked for one.
b) When a child says “red” when her therapist asks, “what color is this?” or when her therapists says, “say red”, or when the child sees a picture of an apple.
c) When a child says “milk” or “yogurt” or “cherries” when she sees the refrigerator.
d) When a child says, “I am three years old” only after her therapist says “Say I am three years old.”

Answer 38

b) When a child says “red” when her therapist asks, “what color is this?” or when her therapists says, “say red”, or when the child sees a picture of an apple.

Question 39

Which of the following is false regarding the autoclitic mand?

a) It “enjoins the listener” to behave in some way with respect to the primary response
b) It is controlled by MOs
c) The second level of verbal behavior is controlled by nonverbal stimuli related to the primary response
d) It can manipulate listener behavior in ways that are reinforcing to the speaker

Answer 39

c) The second level of verbal behavior is controlled by nonverbal stimuli related to the primary response