Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

The heart, blood, and blood vessels combine to form which of the following?

A

an organ system

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2
Q

Regarding components of negative feedback in thermoregulation, what is the correlative of the skeletal muscles?

A

effector

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3
Q

The membrane covering the surface of the lung is referred to as the

A

visceral pleura

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4
Q

The thymus is associated with which organ system?

A

endocrine

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5
Q

In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings?

A

frontal/coronal

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6
Q

Which number identifies the olecranal region of the body?

A

3

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7
Q

The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the

A

endocrine system

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8
Q

The arm is to brachium as the cheek is to ________.

A

buccal

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9
Q

Which of the following regions corresponds to the foot?

A

pes

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10
Q

A person who is lying on his or her stomach is said to be in the

A

prone position

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11
Q

A cardiologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling

A

systematic anatomy

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12
Q

Describe the regional term “antecubitis.”

A

front of elboe

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13
Q

Phospholipids consist of ________ linked to a non-lipid group by a phosphate group.

A

a glycerol and two fatty acids

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14
Q

Which of the following is an essential component of organic compounds?

A

hydrogen

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15
Q

Amino acids contain a central carbon atom adjacent to a(n) ________ group and a(n) ________ group.

A

amino; carboxyl

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16
Q

A(n) ________ bond is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large capacity to perform work.

A

high-energy

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17
Q

Which of the following is inorganic?

A

sodium

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18
Q

Enzymes

A

function as biological catalysts

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19
Q

A DNA nucleotide specifically consists of

A

a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

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20
Q

Matter containing two atoms of the same element that are bonded together by shared electrons are called

A

molecules

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21
Q

AB –> A + B is to decomposition as A + B AB is to

A

reversible

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22
Q

Identify the polysaccharide in the following list of molecules.

A

glycogen

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23
Q

Lipids are used for which of the following?

A

to form essential structural components of cells

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24
Q

In a molecule of hydrogen, a pair of electrons is shared equally. Such a bond is called a(n)

A

nonpolar covalent bond

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25
Which of the following is an example of a strong base?
NaOH
26
The reaction N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3 would be an example of a(n)
synthesis reaction
27
The nucleic acid DNA
is double stranded
28
If a polypeptide contains 9 peptide bonds, how many amino acids does it contain?
10
29
The smallest living things are
cells
30
The process by which cells become specialized is called ________.
differentiation
31
The process of synthesizing a protein from mRNA instructions is called
translation
32
DNA contains the nucleotide thymine, but RNA uniquely contains ________, which is complementary to adenine.
uracil
33
Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes to be incorporated into polypeptide chains by which molecule?
tRNA
34
Which of the following is an example of membranous organelles?
lysosomes
35
The type of RNA that holds an initial copy of the genetic information is the
mRNA
36
The DNA triplet is the same sequence as the ________, except that U replaces T.
anticodon
37
Use Figure 3-3 to answer the following question: Choose the correct description for the preceding image.
as water moves out of the cell, crenation occurs
38
The process that occurs when hydrostatic pressure pushes materials through a membrane is called
filtration
39
The folds of the internal membrane within mitochondria are called
cristae
40
When genes are switched off to allow a cell to restrict or specialize its functions, the process is called
differentiation
41
Using the preceding image, determine the correct sequence of events in the primary process, which begins when target molecules (ligands) bind to receptors in the plasma membrane. 1. Ligands are removed and absorbed into the cytoplasm. 2. The membrane containing the receptor molecules detaches from the lysosome. 3. Pockets pinch off, forming coated vesicles. 4. Areas coated with ligands form deep pockets in the membrane surface. 5. The vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane. 6. Coated vesicles fuse with lysosomes.
4, 3, 6, 1, 2, 5
42
The cell's ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced by the
nucleoli
43
The nucleus ultimately controls the synthesis of which of the following molecules?
proteins
44
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the ________.
nuclear envelope
45
In which type of cell junction are two cells held together by embedded membrane proteins called connexons?
gap junction
46
Which is the least common type of connective tissue fibers?
reticular fibers
47
Epithelial cells that are adapted for moving material across their apical surface usually have ________.
cilia
48
smooth muscle tissue is known as ________ muscle.
striated involuntary
49
Identify the type of connective tissue that strengthens and supports areas subjected to stresses from many directions.
dense irregular connective tissue
50
The type of epithelium that is found in the exchange surfaces of the lungs is
simple squamous
51
Simple squamous epithelium would be found
lining blood vessels
52
The most common type of cartilage is
hyaline
53
Which type of tissue contains neuroglial cells?
nueral
54
Smooth muscle differs from the other two types of muscle tissue because
of its arrangement of actin and myosin filaments
55
The process of tissue repair where damaged tissue is replaced or repaired to restore normal function is called
regeneration
56
Which connective tissue type provides insulation?
adipose tissue
57
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissues?
control permeability
58
Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a(n) ________.
duct
59
What is the primary function of any serous membrane?
it minimizes friction between the opposing surfaces when an organ moves or changes shape
60
Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands?
simple cuboidal