Unit 1 Test

Question 1

Social Science

Answer 1

the scientific discipline involving the organized study of people and their actions and relationships; aims to understand human society, culture, actions, attitudes, and behaviour; uses a research inquiry model

Question 2

Anthropology

Answer 2

the scientific study of humans, including their origin, behaviour, and physical, social, and cultural development

Question 3

Divisions of Anthropology

Answer 3

Cultural Anthropology

• ethnology (social anthropology)
• linguistic anthropology
• archaeology

Physical Anthropology

• paleoanthropology
• forensic anthropology
• primatology

Question 4

Psychology

Answer 4

the study of the human mind, mental states, and human behaviour

• psychologists aim to describe, predict, and control behaviour and mental processes
• they study individuals as well as groups

Question 5

Subfields of Psychology

Answer 5

there are many subfields of psychology, including behavioural, psychoanalytic, cognitive, humanistic, and biological

Question 6

Sociology

Answer 6

the scientific study of human social behaviour, including individuals, groups, and societies

Question 7

Social Science Inquiry Model

Answer 7

the formal process that structures social research

(1) question
(2) focus
(3) formulate a hypothesis
(4) collect data
(5) assemble and analyze data
(6) stop and check
(7) present results
(8) reflection

Question 8

Ethnology

Answer 8

the study of the origins and cultures of different races and peoples

• focus on marriage, kinship patterns, political and economic systems, art, religion, music, technology
• ethnologists immerse themselves in a culture for months or years and take meticulous notes

Question 9

Linguistic Anthropology

Answer 9

linguistic anthropologists study the history and structure of language, and the ways humans use language

Question 10

Archaeology

Answer 10

archaeologists study the physical remains of a past culture through excavation and reconstruction

Question 11

Culture

Answer 11

the total system of ideas, values, behaviours, and attitudes of a society, commonly shared by most members of the society

• includes daily rituals to beliefs about abstract concepts
• culture is learned + transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 12

Informant

Answer 12

a reliable and knowledgeable person who provides specific information to an anthropologist studying his or her community

Question 13

Kinship

Answer 13

the relationship between two or more people that is based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

Question 14

Ethnography

Answer 14

the written account of a culture

Question 15

Reflexivity

Answer 15

the practice of reflecting on your own world view, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying

Question 16

Explicit Cultural Knowledge

Answer 16

information about a culture that is easily explained and described

Question 17

Tacit Cultural Knowledge

Answer 17

information about a culture that the people within the culture or organization know but have difficulty explaining

Question 18

Emic Perspective

Answer 18

the point of view of an insider of a culture

Question 19

Etic Perspective

Answer 19

the point of view of an outside to a culture

Question 20

Naive Realism

Answer 20

the belief that everyone else defines the world the same way you do

Question 21

Fetish

Answer 21

a specific object believed to have magical powers

Question 22

Taboo

Answer 22

a restriction on behaviour to help ensure a good outcome

Question 23

Natural Selection

Answer 23

the survival and reproduction of organisms suited to their environment, at the expense of those less successful

Question 24

Genotype

Answer 24

the genetic characteristics of an individual

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

the physical traits of an individual; dependent on genotype and interactions with environment

Question 26

Allele

Answer 26

version of a gene; many genes have various alleles, owing to small variations in the gene sequence

Question 27

Genome

Answer 27

complete set of genetic instructions of an individual or species

Question 28

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 28

where an offspring’s genes come from two parents

Question 29

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 29

where an offspring is genetically identical to its one parent

Question 30

Convergent Evolution

Answer 30

an environmental challenge has been overcome in a similar way but independently in different species

Question 31

Species

Answer 31

a group of animals or plants that are able to interbreed