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history 10H > unit 1 test > Flashcards

unit 1 test Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did the puritans come from?

A

england

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2
Q

Why did the Puritans leave England?

A

religious freedom

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3
Q

Was the puritan colony meant to be permanent or temporary?

A

permanent

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4
Q

Where did the puritans settle?

A

Cape Ann region

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of the puritans?

A

Deeply religious, control freaks, tough minded, intolerant of others, believe that everything that happens is the will of god.

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6
Q

What religion where the puritans?

A

Protestant

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7
Q

What were the five keys to the puritan mentality?

A

Depravity, Covenant, Grace, Election, Love

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8
Q

What is Depravity?

A

Idea that you are born a sinner

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9
Q

What is the covenant?

A

Your agreement with god to do as he wants you to

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10
Q

What is Grace?

A

God’s special gift (Grace) is for only a certain few, if you had it you were known as a “visible Saint”

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11
Q

What is Election?

A

The thing that If you had Grace, you get to go to heaven, and you get to be one of the leaders in society, and be a member of government

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12
Q

What is love to the puritans?

A

Correcting people when they sin, usually involving physical punishment

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13
Q

How was the puritan colony set up?

A
  • Towns founded by groups of families
  • Every house had to be 1/2 mile or less from church
  • all land was owned by church
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14
Q

How did the church influence how the colony was set up?

A

church was the number 1 priority, came before work

no work was permitted on sundays

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15
Q

What were the Puritans required to do on sundays?

A

go to church all day

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16
Q

What kind of crimes were most common in the puritan society?

A

moral crimes i.e. lying, swearing, drinking, gambling

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17
Q

What were the puritan criminal codes based on?

A

based on bible

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18
Q

How were people punished in puritan society?

A

humiliation/physical punishment

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19
Q

Why were the puritans so obsessed with keeping order?

A

They believed that if people were sinning and there was disorder that good would punish them as a group with natural disasters, famine, disease, fires, native american attacks

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20
Q

What are some of the problems that Puritans in Mass Bay faced?

A
  • Towns were very spread out, not close knit and difficult to communicate
  • worship interfered with time needed for work to provide basic needs
  • Growing Dissent,new denominations with similar beliefs with less strict rules on worship
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21
Q

Who was Roger Williams

A
  • a major dissenter

- respected minister in salem

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22
Q

What were Roger Williams two main beliefs

A
  • believed in a complete split with the church of England

- believed native americans should be compensated for the land that was taken from them by settlers

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23
Q

What happened to Roger Williams

A

banished from MA bay and founds providence/RI

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24
Q

Who was Anne Hutchinson

A

a major dissenter, spoke out about Grace

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25
Q

What was Anne’s major belief about Grace

A

Believed it was an individual achievement, not to be decided by the group

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26
Q

Why was she banished from the colony?

A

Because she spoke out and was a woman, “doctrine of Inner Light”

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27
Q

What happens to her?

A

Banished from MA Bay, went to RI, was later murdered by native americans

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28
Q

What was Thomas Hooker’s major belief?

A

Believed that all freemen should be able to vote

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29
Q

What did Thomas Hooker end up doing?

A

Led a group of 100 southwest of MA Bay and founded the settlement of Hartford, which later became the colony of CT

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30
Q

What group was the biggest threat to the puritans?

A

The Quakers “Religious Society of Friends”

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31
Q

What are the major beliefs of the Quakers

A
  • do not use violence or fight, complete pacifism
  • believe in doctrine of inner light
  • All are equal in church
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32
Q

How did the Quakers try to convert many Puritans?

A

often interrupted puritan sermons

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33
Q

How did the Puritans react to the Quakers trying to convert them?

A
  • Laws were made that made it illegal for puritans to talk to quakers
  • many quakers banished or killed
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34
Q

Who put a stop to the harsh laws of the puritan society regarding Quakers?

A

In 1660 king Charles II orders MA Bay to stop killing Quakers

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35
Q

How long did the settlers have to wait following the failure of roanoke?

A

20 year wait for colonization to start again in the real world

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36
Q

How many charters did kind James grant to the Virginia Company?

A

2 charters

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37
Q

Where were the colonists allowed to settle?

A

between 34 and 45 degrees N latitude, from maine->North Carolina

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38
Q

Who made up the Virginia Company?

A

merchants, middle class

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39
Q

What were their main goals?

A

spread christianity to natives, trade with them

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40
Q

What other duties duties would they have?

A

To be traders and soldiers to defend

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41
Q

How many went on the first voyage?

A

144 men, 3 ships

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42
Q

When and where did they arrive

A

Jamestown, May 1607

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43
Q

What were two major characteristics of the Jamestown settlers

A

male, young

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44
Q

What type of people were interested in virginian land?

A

the poor, the younger sons of gentry with no inheritance

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45
Q

What was the long term plan for many settlers of Virginia?

A

economic, seek fortune and status, return to England with wealth

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46
Q

How did indentured servitude work?

A

Sold themselves for a number of years to pay off debt, often the debt of passage to the new world, possibility of land at the end of service

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47
Q

What were some of the problems associated with indentured servitude?

A

some did not receive land, or escaped from boat once new world was reached.

48
Q

what type of people were not usually found in the Virginia colony

A

aristocrats, wealthy people

49
Q

What role did religion play in the Jamestown colony?

A

played a small role with little attention

50
Q

What was the major issue facing the leaders of the colony?

A

They could not prevent a high death toll

51
Q

Who solved the death toll problem in Jamestown?

A

John Smith introduced a system of martial law, moved colony inland, and learned survival techniques from NAs

52
Q

How many new colonists came to virginia in 1609?

A

900

53
Q

Why did most of the population of Virginia die in the winter of 1609-1610

A

Lack of planning no food stored, starvation, cannabalism

54
Q

What did the survivors of the Virginia harsh winter want to do?

A

return back to england

55
Q

Who prevented them from returning to England? (the virginian winter survivors)

A

Arrival of governor Lord De La Warre

56
Q

What changes did governor Lord De La Warre introduce?

A

all to work for colony

57
Q

What was the response of the colonists to Lord De La Warre’s changes?

A

high ranked people upset because they had to work

58
Q

How did England react to the house of Burgesses

A

Did not like it, and decided to take away the charter in 1624, and then becomes a royal colony

59
Q

Who brought tobacco to virginia

A

John Wolfe planted Trinidadian tobacco

60
Q

How did the tobacco initially affect the economy of Virginia?

A

the economy shot up, was very good

61
Q

Why did the tobacco eventually lead to economic instability

A

The fields were no longer good for growing anything

62
Q

Why were the indians a problem for virginia settlers

A

The Indians greatly outnumbered the settlers, they were more powerful

63
Q

Who did John Rolfe marry?

A

Pochahantus

64
Q

How did Powhatan see the english (of virginia)

A

Potential allies against other tribes, potential allies for trade

65
Q

How did his brother view the English?

A

attacked them, openly hostile to settlers

66
Q

What does Powhatan’s brother plan to do?

A

plans attack on good friday and kills about 1/4 of settlers

67
Q

What was the result of Powhatans brother’s attack

A

the indians are viewed as savages, negative thoughts about them

68
Q

What was the state of Virginia in 1624

A
  • in turmoil
  • politically unstable (VA loss of charter 1624)
  • endured disease, war, death
  • Only 1000 whites in VA after 17 years of colonization, settlement could easily fall
69
Q

Why had NA’s allied themselves with English settlers in the 1630s?

A

allied against Pequots

70
Q

Why did these tribes begin to distrust the english (while they were allied with them in the 1630s)

A

Began to distrust them because they murdered 600 pequots which was frightening to NA’s

71
Q

How could the relations between the Wampanoags and plymouth settlers be characterized

A

long standing peace, had peace agreements, profitable trade for both

72
Q

What happens in 1622 that changes things between the plymouth settlers and native americans?

A

Massasiot Dies, his son Wamsatta is more suspicious of English

73
Q

Why did the English begin to distrust Wamsatta

A

There were rumors of him attacking the English

74
Q

What happens to Wamsatta

A

He is taken into custody by the english, dies 3 days after release, NA’s think he was murdered

75
Q

Who becomes the next sachem of the wampanoags next, how does he relate with the English

A

Metacom becomes Sachem, Keeps peace with English until 1670s

76
Q

How does the fur trade affect the natives

A

the fur trade begins to diminish, they have to start trading land instead

77
Q

Why did many tribes begin to take sides?

A

frustration of taking of land/cultural differences

78
Q

What are the two sides?

A

1- Wamponoags, Narragansetts, Nipmucks, Pocantucks

2-Pequots, Mohegans, Nausets, side w/ English

79
Q

What was Metacom’s goal with starting war with the English?

A

He wants to get rid of the English settlers of NE

80
Q

Why do the English start referring to metacom as King Phillip

A

King Phillip made the spanish armada in sights of defeating english but failed miserably.

81
Q

What results from the war?

A 
14 months of war
12 frontier towns destroyed
Metacom killed in 1676
Native American of his side were sold into slavery
3,000 NA's killed/600 English
Irreparable damages to MA relations
82
Q

Who was the governor of Virginia in 1676

A

William Berkeley

83
Q

What were the major issues of the virginia colony around 1676 (time of william berkely in charge)

A
  • high taxes to citizens
  • falling tobacco prices
  • NA’s attacking farmers on frontier
  • Berkeley accused of having an inner circle of elites he favored
84
Q

What was the main grievance against Berkeley?

A

He did nothing about the native american attacks targeting the farmers

85
Q

Who was nathaniel Bacon?

A
  • English born and educated
  • Came to VA in 1670s
  • Farmer
86
Q

How does Nathaniel Bacon try to solve the problem of the attacks by himself?

A

Starts unauthorized retaliation

87
Q

What does this retaliation started by Bacon cause?

A
  • he gains popularity among farmers

- Is elected to house of Burgesses

88
Q

How does Berkeley react to this?

A

He is angry about Bacon’s election and refuses to let him have his seat, and bacon was arrested for his attacks on the native americans

89
Q

What happens after Bacon was arrested?

A

Bacon forms a group of rebels and seeks to take control of the colony, Berkeley flees

90
Q

What happens at Jamestown

A

Jamestown is set on fire during Bacon’s rebellion

91
Q

What happens to Bacon after rebellion?

A

he dies after gaining control of colony, rebellion collapses and Berkeley is back in power

92
Q

How can this be view as a precursor to the american revolution?

A

Seeds of rebellion planted… think of your own unique answer bc Im way to tired to write what I wrote your smart and can think of something good lol

93
Q

What were the chances you would live up to 20 in 17th century Virginia?

A

VA/MD- 50% 40% in NE

94
Q

What accounts for the 50/50ish chances of living to 20?

A

disease

95
Q

What was the most populated colony in 1700

A

VA, 59, 000 people

96
Q

Population of MA in 1700?

A

30, 000

97
Q

When did slavery in the colonies begin?

A

chattel slavery starts in 1619

98
Q

What is the difference between chattel slavery and indentured servitude

A

CS- unwillingly a slave, owned, against will

IS- signed self over to pay debt

99
Q

Why did indentured servitude greatly disappear in 1680s

A

England wages rise in 1680 for lower class, so they don’t need to sign up for indentured servitude

100
Q

What affect did the disappearance of Indentured servitude affect chattel slavery

A

1680-1750 major spike in chattel slavery

101
Q

When did slave codes first appear?

A

first appeared in 1662, bound slaves for life to owners

102
Q

When did slave rebellions start to occur

A

1700s

103
Q

Social hierarchy of the south

A

1-planters
2-farmers
3-landless whites
4-slaves

104
Q

who were the planters in society

A

owned slaves, owned land, ruled economy, held most political power

105
Q

Farmers in society

A

largest group, generally worked own land, may have one or two slaves, to much affect on econemy

106
Q

Landless whites in society

A

most were at one time indentured servants, no effect on economy

107
Q

slaves in society

A

no power nothing notta none

108
Q

What problem was plaguing the puritan church in 1700s

A

loosing membership in new england

109
Q

Why was this a problem for the puritan church

A

less money from members

110
Q

New solution for less membership in puritan church called? what did it do?

A

Created partial membership of church if you were child or grandchild of a full member, did this to keep money flowing

111
Q

How did the salem witch trials start?

A

1692, group of girls claimed to be bewitched by Tituba

112
Q

What resulted of the girls claiming to be bewitched

A

mass hysteria ensued, 20 people put to death

113
Q

theories of why the salem witch trials occurred

A

feuding families, may have ingested a plant with hallucinogenic affects

114
Q

when did the trials end

A

1693

115
Q

what did MA legislature do later

A

apologized and pretty much said it should never have happened, made reparations to families of victims

history 10H (13 decks)

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