Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Preliterate societies transmitted their culture by all of the following EXCEPT:

a. stone art
b. cave paintings
c. oral traditions
d. detailed genealogies
e. creation myths

A

d. detailed genealogies

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2
Q

What is not meant by culture?

a. shared religious beliefs
b. learned patterns of expression and action
c. material objects such as dwellings, clothing and tools.
d. shared biological characteristics
e. similar values

A

d. shared biological characteristics

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3
Q

The Neolithic era is associated with which of the following?

a. making tools out of materials including metal.
b. making large rock formations like Stonehenge for religious purposes.
c. an agricultural hallmark when people lived in buildings instead of caves.
d. the rise of agriculture.
e. the start of a bilateral trade system.

A

d. the rise of agriculture

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4
Q

Most early human activity centered on

a. gathering food
b. acquiring wealth
c. construction projects
d. entertainment
e. warfare with encroaching clans

A

a. gathering food

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5
Q

The agricultural revolution first occurred in which region?

a. East Asia
b. North America
c. Middle East
d. South Africa
e. Western Europe

A

a. Middle East

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6
Q

The earliest transition to agriculture what characterized by?
A. The advent of specialized tools
B. An increase in tribal warfare between foraging clans.
C. A decrease in desertification in the Sahara in Africa.
D. Increased seed hybridization in the Americas.
E. Increased trade routes in the Mediterranean

A

A. The advent of specialized tools.

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7
Q
Most early agricultural communities had a staple crop based on:
A. Grain or rice
B. Sheep and goats
C. Pumpkins, squash, or gourds
D. Oranges and mushrooms
E. Berries and nuts
A

A. Grain or rice

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8
Q
The religions of farming communities tended to focus on:
A. A sky god or male deity
B. An earth mother or female deity
C. A variety of important gods
D. Nature spirits
E. Moon worship
A

B. An earth mother or female deity

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9
Q

Mesopotamian gods were anthropomorphic; that is, they:
A. Took form as the elements of nature
B. Were imagined to be human like in form and conduct
C. Appeared in the bodies of kings while on earth
D. Were divine and perfect beings
E. Were omniscient

A

B. Were imagined to be humanlike in form and conduct

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10
Q

Cuneiform writing was accomplished by:
A. Incising written symbols in clay
B. Alphabetical arrangement of phonemes
C. Mathematical calculations on the outside of a clay envelope
D. Learning the cuneiform language
E. Implanting reed tips and tokens in clay tablets to make patterns

A

A. Incising written symbols in clay

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11
Q

The culture that developed in Egypt was unique largely because of:
A. Egypt’s interaction with other civilizations
B. Egypt’s natural isolation and essential self-sufficiency
C. Egyptian dominance in metalworking
D. Egypt’s surplus agricultural production and trade
E. Egypt’s large population

A

B. Egypt’s natural isolation and essential self-sufficiency

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12
Q

Fundamental concepts of Egyptian religion were based on:
A. The desires of pharaohs
B. Extending Egyptian control over competing cultures
C. The vision of cosmic order that the physical environment of the Nile Valley evoked.
D. Ideas brought to Egypt from Mesopotamia.
E. Each person’s individual reflection of what god is like

A

C. The vision of a cosmic order that the physical environment of the Nile Valley evoked.

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13
Q

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all:
A. Based on fertile flood plains and river valleys
B. Made possible by large agricultural surpluses.
C. Derived from an earlier, as yet undiscovered “watershed” civilization
D. Based on beer brewing and female labor
E. Wiped out by a huge drought

A

A. Based on fertile floodplains and river valleys

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14
Q
The region of modern Pakistan which gave birth to the earliest know civilization in the Indian subcontinent is centered on which river?
A. Oxus
B. Ganges
C. Indus
D. Nile
A

C. Indus

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15
Q

Which of the following was probably not one of the components of the “systems failure” that brought down the Indus Valley cities?
A. That the Hakra River system dried up
B. That invaders from the north and east drove out the inhabitants
C. Massive flooring
D. Salinization of farmland
R. Increased erosion

A

B. That invaders from the north and east drove out the inhabitants

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16
Q

The Hyksos were able to conquer Egypt because they had:
A. Horse-drawn chariots carrying archers with composite bows
B. Iron weapons
C. Control of the Nile Delta region, so they could restrict irrigation to Egyptian agriculture
D. Massive armed forces from a consolidated army of the Near east
E. Superior administrative organization

A

A. Horse-drawn chariots carrying archers with composite bows.

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17
Q
Transportation in Western Asia was revolutionized in the Later Bronze Age by the introduction of:
A. Zebra
B. Ox
C. Horses
D. Elephants
E. Wheel
A

C. Horses

18
Q
The location of the first European civilization to have complex political and social structures was: 
A. southern Greece
B. southwestern Macedonia
C. Island of Crete
D. the island of Malta
E. the hills of Anatolia
A

C. the island of Crete

19
Q

Although Minoan writing is undeciphered, Minoan artifacts indicate that:
A. they were completely isolated from the Mediterranean world
B. they had widespread trade connections
C. they disliked goods from other lands
D. most Minoans were illiterate
E. they came from Anatolia

A

B. They had widespread trade connections.

20
Q
The epic poem of Homer, The Iliad, related the story of a war between the Greeks and the hittites, based on the ten year siege and eventual destruction of the city of: 
A. Athens
B. Lydia
C. Hattusha
D. Catal Huyuk
E. Troy
A

E. Troy

21
Q

The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit:
A. Murder, adultery, theft, and lying
B. Banking, trading, and traveling
C. Alcohol consumption, meat eating, and violence
D. Facial hair, pastoralism, and mercantile trade
E. Gambling, moneylending, and begging

A

A. Murder, adultery, theft, and lying

22
Q
Diaspora refers to the Jews being taken from their homeland to: 
A. Egypt
B. Jordan
C. Syria
D. Anatolia
E. Babylon
A

E. Babylon

23
Q
The chief opponents of Carthaginian power in the Mediterranean Sea were: 
A. Romans and Greeks
B. Moroccans and Spaniards
C. Israelites and Egyptians
D. Greeks and Persians
E. Tunisians and Libyans
A

A. Romans and Greeks

24
Q

Loess was:
A. Dust from gold ore, which was used for paint
B. A kind of moss used for fuel
C. A leafy green vegetable used for food
D. A method of spinning silk cocoons
E. A rich dust blown in from Central Asia

A

E. A rich dust blown in from Central Asia

25
Q
The first writing in China that has survived was: 
A. Etched in animal "oracle" bones
B. Etched in clay tablets
C. Written on paper
D. Inscribed on buildings
E. Etched on a stele
A

A. Etched in animal “oracle” bones

26
Q

Which of the following is not one of the ways that Confucian philosophy attempts to create societal harmony?
A. By emphasizing the idea that the country is parallel to the family
B. By expanding the traditional feelings of benevolence toward family so that they apply to all of humanity
C. By avoiding violence and promoting justice, loyalty, and integrity
D. By emphasizing the goodness of human nature and seeking to promote it through education, particularly of public officials
E. By emphasizing individual freedoms

A

E. By emphasizing individual freedoms

27
Q

The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of:
A. Religion and the state in Chinese society
B. Good and evil in Chinese morality
C. Male and female roles in the natural order
D. The wisdom of age and the strength of youth
E. Warrior and emperor in times of trouble

A

C. Male and female roles in the natural order.

28
Q
The earliest political and economic influence on Nubia was: 
A. Egypt
B. the Sudan
C. Mali
D. Kush
E. Meroe
A

A. Egypt

29
Q

Which of the following is not a tenet of Zoroastrianism?
A. Belief in one supreme deity
B. Belief that humans would be rewarded or punished in the afterlife for their deeds
C. Belief that the world was created by Ahuramazda
D. The triumph of good over evil
E. Belief in reincarnation of the dead

A

E. Belief in reincarnation of the dead

30
Q

Although Greece is described as “resource poor” in the chapter, it economically prospered:
A. Through a brisk trade in slaves
B. Because of successful manufacturing
C. By using a large population as a large “service” sector
D. Through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas
E. By frequently raiding its neighbors

A

D. Through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas

31
Q
Which of the following best describes the geography and resources of Ancient Greece? 
A. Numerous islands
B. Limited arable land
C. Many natural harbors
D. Plentiful olives, grapes, and barley
E. All of the above
A

E. All of the above

32
Q
The emerging middle classes in Greece were constituted by which group of people? 
A. Debt slaves and peasant farmers
B. Craftsmen and merchants
C. Hoplites and teachers
D. Slave traders and fisherman
E. NONE of these!
A

B. Craftsmen and merchants

You didn’t fall for E, did you?!

33
Q

An oligarchy is a society in which:
A. All landowners participate politically
B. All adult males are allowed to vote
C. A hereditary elite controls the power
D. A monarch has total control
E. The wealthy members of a society have political power

A

E. the wealthy members of society have political power

34
Q

The Greeks believed that their gods gave advice through:
A. Their sacred literary texts
B. Oracles
C. The king who was directly related to God
D. Shamans
E. Movements of the stars and planets

A

B. Oracles

35
Q
One of the primary internal rivals to Athenian power in the Greek Empire was: 
A. Sparta
B. Persia
C. Rome
D. Carthage
E. Egypt
A

A. Sparta

36
Q
The Greek leader who led Athens to a full participatory democracy for all males was: 
A. Pisistratus
B. Pericles
C. Solon
D. Cyrus
E. Draco
A

B. Pericles

37
Q
Phillip II planned to invade which area before his untimely death? 
A. Carthage
B. Assyria
C. Israel
D. Persia
E. Rome
A

D. Persia

38
Q

Which of the following is not among the policies used by Alexander the Great to control his vast empire?
A. He encouraged intermarriage to foreign women
B. He maintained the framework of Persian administration
C. He adopted persian customs
D. He established Greek-style cities
E. He promoted local militias

A

E. He promoted local militias

39
Q

The term Hellenistic Age refers to the:
A. Influence of Asian culture on Greece
B. Political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and western Asia
C. Macedonian Empire during Alexander’s reign
D. Peaceful period within Greece itself
E. Successful rule of Helen of Troy

A

B. Political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and western Asia

40
Q
Scholars refer to the period 1500 BCE to 200 CE in Mesoamerica as the preclassical period. The most important civilization in this period was the: 
A. Olmec
B. Maya
C. Aztec
D. Anasazi
A

A. Olmec

41
Q
The Chavin dominated a densely populated region between 900 BCE and 250 BCE that included large areas of : 
A. The Peruvian coastal plain
B. The Andean foothills
C. The southern Brazilian coast
D. a and b
E. b and c
A

D. A and B

42
Q
Religion in Teotihaucan was: 
A. Polytheistic
B. Monotheistic
C. Christian
D. Secular
E. Atheist
A

A. Polytheistic