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Chemistry I > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

what are the other names for technology?

A

“applied research” or “technological development”

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1
Q

what is technology?

A

the application of scientific knowledge to improve the quality of life

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2
Q

what is pure science also known as?

A

basic research

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3
Q

what is pure science?

A

knowledge or information (just to understand the concept/topic)

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4
Q

how did scientists originally work?

A

as pure scientists (weren’t trying to find stuff for marketing purposes or for money gain)

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5
Q

what science fields are still mostly pure?

A

astronomy and studying the atom

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6
Q

was all science once pure?

A

yes

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7
Q

what must the grade of chemical purity be for high tech research?

A

totally pure (100%)

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8
Q

what can chemicals be contaminated by?

A

air or other things

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9
Q

less contamination of chemicals mean…

A

…more pure

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10
Q

study branches of chemistry in other flashcards!!`

A

she said to know these really well!!

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11
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

a researched & testable prediction (what you think will happen)

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12
Q

what is scientific theory?

A

everything we currently know on a particular concept/topic in science

the who, what, where, when & whys

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13
Q

what is scientific law?

A

a statement of what we know to be true

  • shorter than theory, usually a sentence
  • specific statements of info we know
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14
Q

what is matter?

A

something with mass & volume

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15
Q

what are the 2 subcategories of matter?

A

substances & mixtures

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16
Q

what are the 2 subcategories of substances?

A

elements & compounds

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17
Q

what are the 2 subcategories of mixtures?

A

heterogeneous & homogeneous

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18
Q

what are the 3 subcategories of heterogeneous mixtures?

A
  1. colloids
  2. suspensions
  3. emulsions
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19
Q

what is a substance?

A

has a set substance composition

-known, constant, unchanging

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20
Q

what is an element?

A

has all the same atom (one type of atom)

found on periodic table

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21
Q

what are compounds?

A
  • have chemical formulas
  • chemical combo of atoms
    • *form chemical bond to chemically combine
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22
Q

what are mixtures?

A

physical combo of elements & atoms

two types: one where you see the parts & one where you can’t

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23
Q

what is the breakdown of the word homogeneous?

A 
homo = same
geneous = make up
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24
Q

what are homogeneous mixtures?

A

they appear the same everywhere

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25
Q

what is a suspension?

A

a heterogeneous mixture that settles & separates

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26
Q

what is a colloid?

A

a heterogeneous mixture that mixes in clusters of molecules but we can’t see them

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27
Q

what is an emulsion?

A

a heterogeneous mixture that’s a naturally occuring suspension but we make into a colloid by putting in an emulsifying agent

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28
Q

what is the breakdown of the word heterogeneous?

A 
hetero = different
geneous = make up
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29
Q

what is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

can see the parts that make it up

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30
Q

what are properites?

A

characteristics or features of the material

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31
Q

what are the 2 types of properties?

A

physical & chemical

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32
Q

what are the 2 types of physical properties?

A

extensive & intensive

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33
Q

what are physical properties?

A

characteristics of substance that can be easily observed or measured

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34
Q

what are extensive properties?

A

depend on amount of matter

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35
Q

what are intensive properties?

A

do NOT depend on amount of matter

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36
Q

give some examples of extensive properties

A
  • height
  • mass
  • length
  • volume
  • diameter
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37
Q

give some examples of intensive properties

A
  • color
  • crystal structure
  • odor
  • boiling point
  • melting point
  • DENSITY
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38
Q

what are chemical properties?

A
  • LIST of what substance will & will NOT react with

- tells how substance will respond when w/ other materials

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39
Q

give some examples of chemical properties

A
  • reacts w/ H2O
  • doesn’t react w/ acids
  • doesn’t react w/ metals
  • slightly reacts w/ oxygen
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40
Q

what are the 2 types of changes?

A

physical & chemical

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41
Q

what are physical changes?

A

change in size, shape, state of matter, solution formed

DO NOT change make up of substance

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42
Q

what are chemical changes?

A

changes that make a NEW substance

aka chemical reaction

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43
Q

give some examples of physical changes

A
  • boiling
  • evaporating
  • freezing
  • breaking
  • bending
  • dissolving
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44
Q

give some examples of chemical changes

A
  • rusting
  • digestion
  • baking
  • burning
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45
Q

how many groups are there on the PT?

A

18 (#1-18)

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46
Q

what are groups?

A

columns of PT that have the same # of valence electrons

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47
Q

what is special about groups on PT?

A

elements have similar chemical/physical properties

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48
Q

how many periods on PT?

A

7 (#1-7)

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49
Q

what are periods on PT?

A

rows with elements that have the same outermost energy level (w/ valence electron)

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50
Q

where are metals, nonmetals, & metalloids located on the PT?

A
  • metals on left
  • nonmetals on right
  • metalloids on stairstep line
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51
Q

what goes before the decimal place in scientific notation?

A

one nonzero #

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52
Q

what is the # before the multiplication sign in scientific notation?

A

the coefficient

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53
Q

the is the number that is raised up next to the 10 in scientific notation?

A

the exponent

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54
Q

what should you watch for when writing the final answer after converting with scientific notation?

A

the decimal!!!!! watch bc of sig figs!!!!!!

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55
Q

what is the 10 in scientific notation?

A

the base

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56
Q

are nonzero #s significant?

A

ALWAYS

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57
Q

when are zeros significant?

A
  • zero between sigfigs
  • before written decimal (& after sig figs)
  • after decimal & after sig fig
58
Q

when are zeros NOT significant?

A
  • alone before decimal
  • after decimal BUT before 1st sig fig
  • before unwritten decimal
59
Q

in scientific notation, when are #s significant?

A

ALL #S IN COEFFICENT ARE SIGNIFICANT

60
Q

what do you round to when you add/subtract?

A

value w/ least # decimal places

61
Q

what do you round to when you multiply/divide?

A

value w/ least # sig figs

62
Q

`how many SI base units are there?

A

7

63
Q

what are the 7 SI base units?

A
  1. length
  2. mass
  3. time
  4. temperature
  5. amount of substance
  6. electric current
  7. luminous intensity
64
Q

what is the unit for length?

A

meter

65
Q

what is the unit for mass?

A

kilogram

66
Q

what is the unit for time?

A

second

67
Q

what is the unit for temperature?

A

Kelvin

68
Q

what is the unit for amount of substance?

A

mole

69
Q

what is the unit for electric current?

A

ampere

70
Q

what is the unit for luminous intensity?

A

candela

71
Q

give the SI prefixes from smallest to largest

A 
pico
nano
micro
milli
centi
deci
no prefix
deka
hecto
kilo
mega
72
Q

what is the symbol for pico?

A

p

73
Q

what is the symbol for nano?

A

n

74
Q

what is the symbol for micro?

A

fancy u/m looking thing

75
Q

what is the symbol for milli

A

m

76
Q

what is the symbol for centi

A

c

77
Q

what is the symbol for deci

A

d

78
Q

what is the symbol for deka

A

da

79
Q

what is the symbol for hecto

A

h

80
Q

what is the symbol for kilo

A

k

81
Q

what is the symbol for mega

A

M

82
Q

what do you use to convert between prefixes/units

A

factor label method

83
Q

do sig figs change in factor label method?

A

no (but watch out to make sure answer is written correctly)

84
Q

what is the formula for area?

A

length X width

85
Q

what is the formula for volume?

A

length X width X height

86
Q

what is the formula for density?

A

density = mass/volume (D = m/v)

87
Q

what instrument do you use to measure mass?

A

balance

88
Q

what are the units used when measuring mass?

A

g, mg, kg

89
Q

what units are used when measuring volume?

A

cubic length units (cm^3, m^3, mm^3)
or L, mL

cubic length units –> derived & PREFERRED
L, mL –> non scientific units

*****used for liquids & gases

90
Q

what is the coversion formula for mL & L to cubic length units?

A

1 mL = 1 cm^3

1 L = 1 dm^3

91
Q

what instrument is used for measuring volume?

A

graduated cylinder

92
Q

what are the energy levels like in solids, liquids & gases?

A

solids –> lowest energy
liquids –> more than S, less than G
gas –> highest energy

93
Q

what is the energy in plasma like?

A

more energy than all the others

94
Q

describe metals (5 points)

A
  1. conduct electricity & heat
  2. solid (except Hg)
  3. ductile & malleable
  4. shiny
  5. silver/gray color (except Cu & Au)
95
Q

what does ductile mean?

A

drawn into wires

96
Q

what does malleable mean?

A

drawn into thin sheets

97
Q

describe nonmetals (4 points)

A
  1. brittle (when S) –> can’t reshape them
  2. do not conduct
  3. S-L-G (no set one state)
  4. dull
98
Q

describe metalloids (3 points)

A
  1. solid, brittle
  2. can conduct under specific conditions
  3. all other properties are like nonmetals
99
Q

what are the 6 metalloids?

A
  1. B
  2. Si
  3. Ge
  4. As
  5. Sb
  6. Te
100
Q

what is another name for metalloids?

A

semiconductors

101
Q

what does IUPAC stand for?

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists

102
Q

what does the IUPAC do?

A

regualtes rules & procedures (science version of MLA)

103
Q

value of mega?

A

10^6 –> 1 000 000

104
Q

value of kilo?

A

10^3 –> 1000

105
Q

value of hecto?

A

10^2 –> 100

106
Q

value of deka?

A

10^1 –> 10

107
Q

value of no prefix?

A

10^0 –> 1

108
Q

value of deci?

A

10^-1 –> 1/10

109
Q

value of centi?

A

10^-2 –> 1/100

110
Q

value of milli?

A

10^-3 –> 1/1000

111
Q

value of micro?

A

10^-6 –> 1/1 000 000

112
Q

value of nano?

A

10^-9 –> 1/1 000 000 000

113
Q

value of pico?

A

10^-12 —> 1/1 000 000 000 000

114
Q

what is needed to work with derived units?

A

a calculator to do math

115
Q

what instrument is used with derived units?

A

no direct instrument to measure

116
Q

what instrument used with area?

A

some sort of measuring stick

117
Q

what is area often referred to as?

A

surface area

118
Q

what units are used with area?

A

squared length units (ex. cm^2, mm^2)

119
Q

what instrument used with volume?

A

some sort of measuring stick

120
Q

what units are used with volume?

A

cubic length units (cm^3, m^3)

121
Q

what unit is used with density?

A

mass per cubic length unit (ex. kg/m^3, g/cm^3, mg/mm^3)

122
Q

what unit do you use for density when dealing with solids & liquids?

A

g/cm^3

123
Q

what unit do you use for density when dealing with gases?

A

kg/m^3

124
Q

why do you use a different unit for gases when measuring density?

A

b/c gas doens’t have many particles therefore not much matter therefore not much mass

therefore you end up with a small # after calculating (mass/volume) and it would be even tinier if you use g/cm^3

[gas has low density]

125
Q

what is accuracy?

A

compares lab result to actual (real) value

126
Q

what do you calculate accuracy with?

A

% error

127
Q

what is the formula for % error?

A

% error = l actual value - lab result l

/ actual value X 100

128
Q

where do sig figs come from in % error & % diff. problems?

A

the numerator

129
Q

what is precision?

A

compares 2 lab results

must do same lab twice or compare w/ someone else to be precise

130
Q

what do you calculate precision with?

A

% difference

131
Q

what is the % difference formula?

A

% diff. = l 1st lab result - 2nd lab result l

/ average of lab results X 100

132
Q

what is a direct proportion?

A

as independent variable (x) increases…dependent variable (y) increases
AND
as independent variable (x) decreases…dependent variable (y) decreases

133
Q

what is the general formula for direct proportions?

A

k = y/x

134
Q

what is the graph of a direction proportion

A

a line

135
Q

what is an example of a directionally proportionate relationship?

A

density

136
Q

what is an inverse proportion?

A

as independent variable (x) increases… dependent variable (y) decreases
AND
as independent variable (x) decreases… dependent variable (y) increases

137
Q

what is the general formula of an inversely proportionate relationship?

A

k = xy

138
Q

what does the graph of an inversely proportionate relationship look like?

A

a curve

139
Q

what should you always give when doing calculations?

A

the original formula

140
Q

what shouldn’t you do when substituting in #s?

A

never alter the #s (ex. don’t change into or out of scientific notation)

141
Q

what symbol should you use for multiplication?

A

X (not the dot)

142
Q

should you box answers?

A

NO

Chemistry I (5 decks)

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