Unit 1 Test Flashcards
The major forces behind the social gospel movement were
Protestants and Catholics
social gospel
the belief that religious institutions and individual Christians must help bring about the “Kingdom of God” on earth.
Progressives solved the problem of economic power and abuses by
authorizing popular election of senators and regulating big business.
Bureau of Commissions
established by Congress to monitor the activities of interstate corporations.
Roosevelt’s position on Enviromental conservation:
He was passionately committed to environmental conservation and, as a result, created federal wildlife refuges and national parks.
Unlike the majority of his party President Taft:
Wanted to lower tariffs.
What significance did the election of 1912 have for progressivism?
It offered voters a choice of four candidates who, despite their differences, believed in the progressive idea that an active government could resolve modern social problems.
Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom platform:
proposed vigorous anti-trust action to break up corporate concentration.
The Federal Reserve Act did not
revert the U.S. Treasury back to the gold standard.
The Federal Reserve Act did
make currency and bank credit more elastic, serve as the first major banking and currency reform in half a century, and lessen the power of the huge New York banks.
Emancipation had what impact on the South?
It left the South’s agricultural economy in disarray.
What was the task of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Providing formerly enslaved African Americans with food, clothing, and legal assistance and setting up schools.
Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?
Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans’ Reconstruction policies.
Lincoln’s assassin, John Wilkes Booth:
was a pro-Confederate actor
What were the motivations behind Andrew Johnson’s impeachment?
Radical Republicans were upset with Johnson because of his continued obstruction of their growing efforts at Congressional Reconstruction.
Most carpetbaggers were:
Union veterans
The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:
oppressing blacks and white Republicans
By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to Reconstruction efforts had:
turned violent
Why was the Compromise of 1877 significant?
It brought about the end of Reconstruction through the promise that federal troops would be removed from the Deep South.
What was the most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction?
the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments
Thirteenth Amendment
abolished slavery
Fourteenth Amendment
granted citizenship and rights to former slaves
fifteenth amendment
gave black men the right to vote.
The conditions affecting the industrial development of the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century after the Civil War can be describes as:
The rising tide of immigrants at the time created a large workforce willing to work for low pay as well as a market of consumers.
factors that helped accelerate economic growth after the Civil War
federal and state policies aimed at limiting foreign competition, innovative, bold leadership from energetic entrepreneurs, and the abundance of natural resources in the United States
The railroads were key in helping the United States to emerge as a
World Power
What helped Standard Oil succeed
Its corporate structure—known as vertical integration—allowed the company to grow tremendously.
When it came to steel, Andrew Carnegie did all the following
hire men of expert ability to help him run his business, promote it, and know how to organize a steel company
When it came to steel, Andrew Carnegie did all the following
hire men of expert ability to help him run his business, promote it, and know how to organize a steel company.
J. Pierpont Morgan is distinguished from business leaders Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller because he:
came from an elite, privileged background
How did unions often fare in organizing labor around the years 1860–1900?
Unions faced significant obstacles, such as the so-called blacklisting of union organizers to keep them from getting hired.
All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic
a child working in a textile mill was only half as likely to reach the age of twenty as a child outside a mill, child laborers often worked dangerous jobs, and child laborers often received no education.
How did the AFL differ from the Knights of Labor?
The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of its autonomy, while the Knights organization was more centralized.
President Grover Cleveland’s response to the Pullman strike was to:
send federal troops to keep the trains running
Proponents of the New South believed that the South should:
industrialize
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case that legitimized racial segregation as constitutional by affirming the idea of “separate but equal.”
The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because:
they generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies
Black migrants to the West were called “Exodusters” because:
they were often making their exodus from the South
Why was hydraulic mining so damaging to the environment?
It caused tons of dirt and debris to clog rivers, kill fish, and pollute downstream farmland.
Why was the expansion of railroads significant to the growth of the cattle industry?
As the railroads increased the ability to ship huge numbers of western cattle, more cow towns were established in the West.
Following the 1867 “Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes,” Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was:
to persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations
If there had been no white hunters in the West, the buffalo:
population would still have experienced a devastating decline
What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?
It sought to “Americanize” Indians by dealing with them as individuals.
Although an important document in American history, Turner’s “frontier thesis” is in some ways problematic because it
exaggerated the homogenizing effect of the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women, Native Americans,
Why was the development of cast-iron and steel-frame construction techniques significant to the growth of cities?
They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.
What led to the growing concentration of working-class whites, immigrants, and African Americans in the “inner cities,” while middle-class professionals and business executives increasingly lived further away from city centers?
the growth of transportation options such as streetcars and trolleys
After 1890, most immigrants were:
from southern and eastern Europe
What is nativism?
Nativism is the idea that people born in a country are superior to immigrants. During the late 1800s and early 1900s nativists believed that native-born Americans of British and German ancestry were superior to the Greek, Jewish, and Italian immigrants.
Middle- and upper-class urban families spent much of their leisure time:
together at home playing games or reading books
Around 1900, saloons did all of the following
offer mail services, provide refuges for the homeless, and serve alcohol
Social Darwinism
Encouraged that by people. ideas, and nations to compete with one another for dominance, society would generate the greatest perfection and complete happiness.
Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created?
to regulate railroads
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Although largely for show, it banned the practice of powerful corporations plotting to establish monopolies or hold back trade in their industries.
The Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because:
it denied the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare
What distinguished the Farmers’ Alliances from the Granger movement?
The Grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the Alliances were grass roots organizations filled with struggling farmers.
Describe the steps leading to America’s war with Spain in 1898. Was war justified?
Americans, ironically, were incensed by the brutal imperialism Spain exercised over Cuba, even though they were engaged in their own imperialism.
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States:
emerged as an imperial power
A major reason that the United States annexed the Philippines despite anti-imperialist opposition in the United States was because:
the islands were located very close to China and China’s potential markets
In the election of 1900, the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket campaigned on a platform that:
supported American territorial acquisitions following the Spanish-American War
When the United States and Colombia could not agree on a price for the Canal Zone:
the United States lent support to a separatist rebellion in the Colombian province of Panama
Why was the Roosevelt Corollary significant?
It asserted the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America to prevent the military involvement of other countries there.
yellow peril
a racially charged description of a perceived threat from Japan
Roosevelt’s approach to foreign policy was problematic because
his efforts to deploy American power abroad were accompanied by a racist ideology
William Howard Taft used the State Department to:
allow American companies and banks to invest in foreign countries.
