Unit 1 Test

Question 1

The major forces behind the social gospel movement were

Answer 1

Protestants and Catholics

Question 2

social gospel

Answer 2

the belief that religious institutions and individual Christians must help bring about the “Kingdom of God” on earth.

Question 3

Progressives solved the problem of economic power and abuses by

Answer 3

authorizing popular election of senators and regulating big business.

Question 4

Bureau of Commissions

Answer 4

established by Congress to monitor the activities of interstate corporations.

Question 5

Roosevelt’s position on Enviromental conservation:

Answer 5

He was passionately committed to environmental conservation and, as a result, created federal wildlife refuges and national parks.

Question 6

Unlike the majority of his party President Taft:

Answer 6

Wanted to lower tariffs.

Question 7

What significance did the election of 1912 have for progressivism?

Answer 7

It offered voters a choice of four candidates who, despite their differences, believed in the progressive idea that an active government could resolve modern social problems.

Question 8

Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom platform:

Answer 8

proposed vigorous anti-trust action to break up corporate concentration.

Question 9

The Federal Reserve Act did not

Answer 9

revert the U.S. Treasury back to the gold standard.

Question 10

The Federal Reserve Act did

Answer 10

make currency and bank credit more elastic, serve as the first major banking and currency reform in half a century, and lessen the power of the huge New York banks.

Question 11

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

Answer 11

It left the South’s agricultural economy in disarray.

Question 12

What was the task of the Freedmen’s Bureau?

Answer 12

Providing formerly enslaved African Americans with food, clothing, and legal assistance and setting up schools.

Question 13

Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

Answer 13

Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans’ Reconstruction policies.

Question 14

Lincoln’s assassin, John Wilkes Booth:

Answer 14

was a pro-Confederate actor

Question 15

What were the motivations behind Andrew Johnson’s impeachment?

Answer 15

Radical Republicans were upset with Johnson because of his continued obstruction of their growing efforts at Congressional Reconstruction.

Question 16

Most carpetbaggers were:

Answer 16

Union veterans

Question 17

The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:

Answer 17

oppressing blacks and white Republicans

Question 18

By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to Reconstruction efforts had:

Answer 18

turned violent

Question 19

Why was the Compromise of 1877 significant?

Answer 19

It brought about the end of Reconstruction through the promise that federal troops would be removed from the Deep South.

Question 20

What was the most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction?

Answer 20

the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments

Question 21

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 21

abolished slavery

Question 22

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 22

granted citizenship and rights to former slaves

Question 23

fifteenth amendment

Answer 23

gave black men the right to vote.

Question 24

The conditions affecting the industrial development of the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century after the Civil War can be describes as:

Answer 24

The rising tide of immigrants at the time created a large workforce willing to work for low pay as well as a market of consumers.

Question 25

factors that helped accelerate economic growth after the Civil War

Answer 25

federal and state policies aimed at limiting foreign competition, innovative, bold leadership from energetic entrepreneurs, and the abundance of natural resources in the United States

Question 26

The railroads were key in helping the United States to emerge as a

Answer 26

World Power

Question 27

What helped Standard Oil succeed

Answer 27

Its corporate structure—known as vertical integration—allowed the company to grow tremendously.

Question 28

When it came to steel, Andrew Carnegie did all the following

Answer 28

hire men of expert ability to help him run his business, promote it, and know how to organize a steel company

Question 29

When it came to steel, Andrew Carnegie did all the following

Answer 29

hire men of expert ability to help him run his business, promote it, and know how to organize a steel company.

Question 30

J. Pierpont Morgan is distinguished from business leaders Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller because he:

Answer 30

came from an elite, privileged background

Question 31

How did unions often fare in organizing labor around the years 1860–1900?

Answer 31

Unions faced significant obstacles, such as the so-called blacklisting of union organizers to keep them from getting hired.

Question 32

All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic

Answer 32

a child working in a textile mill was only half as likely to reach the age of twenty as a child outside a mill, child laborers often worked dangerous jobs, and child laborers often received no education.

Question 33

How did the AFL differ from the Knights of Labor?

Answer 33

The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of its autonomy, while the Knights organization was more centralized.

Question 34

President Grover Cleveland’s response to the Pullman strike was to:

Answer 34

send federal troops to keep the trains running

Question 35

Proponents of the New South believed that the South should:

Answer 35

industrialize

Question 36

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 36

Supreme Court case that legitimized racial segregation as constitutional by affirming the idea of “separate but equal.”

Question 37

The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because:

Answer 37

they generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies

Question 38

Black migrants to the West were called “Exodusters” because:

Answer 38

they were often making their exodus from the South

Question 39

Why was hydraulic mining so damaging to the environment?

Answer 39

It caused tons of dirt and debris to clog rivers, kill fish, and pollute downstream farmland.

Question 40

Why was the expansion of railroads significant to the growth of the cattle industry?

Answer 40

As the railroads increased the ability to ship huge numbers of western cattle, more cow towns were established in the West.

Question 41

Following the 1867 “Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes,” Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was:

Answer 41

to persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations

Question 42

If there had been no white hunters in the West, the buffalo:

Answer 42

population would still have experienced a devastating decline

Question 43

What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?

Answer 43

It sought to “Americanize” Indians by dealing with them as individuals.

Question 44

Although an important document in American history, Turner’s “frontier thesis” is in some ways problematic because it

Answer 44

exaggerated the homogenizing effect of the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women, Native Americans,

Question 45

Why was the development of cast-iron and steel-frame construction techniques significant to the growth of cities?

Answer 45

They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.

Question 46

What led to the growing concentration of working-class whites, immigrants, and African Americans in the “inner cities,” while middle-class professionals and business executives increasingly lived further away from city centers?

Answer 46

the growth of transportation options such as streetcars and trolleys

Question 47

After 1890, most immigrants were:

Answer 47

from southern and eastern Europe

Question 48

What is nativism?

Answer 48

Nativism is the idea that people born in a country are superior to immigrants. During the late 1800s and early 1900s nativists believed that native-born Americans of British and German ancestry were superior to the Greek, Jewish, and Italian immigrants.

Question 49

Middle- and upper-class urban families spent much of their leisure time:

Answer 49

together at home playing games or reading books

Question 50

Around 1900, saloons did all of the following

Answer 50

offer mail services, provide refuges for the homeless, and serve alcohol

Question 51

Social Darwinism

Answer 51

Encouraged that by people. ideas, and nations to compete with one another for dominance, society would generate the greatest perfection and complete happiness.

Question 52

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created?

Answer 52

to regulate railroads

Question 53

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Answer 53

Although largely for show, it banned the practice of powerful corporations plotting to establish monopolies or hold back trade in their industries.

Question 54

The Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because:

Answer 54

it denied the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare

Question 55

What distinguished the Farmers’ Alliances from the Granger movement?

Answer 55

The Grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the Alliances were grass roots organizations filled with struggling farmers.

Question 56

Describe the steps leading to America’s war with Spain in 1898. Was war justified?

Answer 56

Americans, ironically, were incensed by the brutal imperialism Spain exercised over Cuba, even though they were engaged in their own imperialism.

Question 57

As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States:

Answer 57

emerged as an imperial power

Question 58

A major reason that the United States annexed the Philippines despite anti-imperialist opposition in the United States was because:

Answer 58

the islands were located very close to China and China’s potential markets

Question 59

In the election of 1900, the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket campaigned on a platform that:

Answer 59

supported American territorial acquisitions following the Spanish-American War

Question 60

When the United States and Colombia could not agree on a price for the Canal Zone:

Answer 60

the United States lent support to a separatist rebellion in the Colombian province of Panama

Question 61

Why was the Roosevelt Corollary significant?

Answer 61

It asserted the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America to prevent the military involvement of other countries there.

Question 62

yellow peril

Answer 62

a racially charged description of a perceived threat from Japan

Question 63

Roosevelt’s approach to foreign policy was problematic because

Answer 63

his efforts to deploy American power abroad were accompanied by a racist ideology

Question 64

William Howard Taft used the State Department to:

Answer 64

allow American companies and banks to invest in foreign countries.