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COMP 347: Computer Networks > Unit 1 Terms & Topics > Flashcards

Unit 1 Terms & Topics Flashcards

1
Q

The Internet

A

A global system of interconnected computer networks using the TCP/IP protocol.

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2
Q

Computer networks

A

Groups of interconnected computers for sharing resources and data.

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3
Q

The World Wide Web

A

A system of interlinked hypertext documents and multimedia accessed via the internet.

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4
Q

Communication links

A

Physical or wireless connections enabling data transfer between devices.

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5
Q

Packet switches

A

Devices that route data packets based on their destination address within a network.

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6
Q

Transmission rate

A

The speed at which data is transmitted over a network, measured in bits per second.

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7
Q

Packets

A

Small units of data transmitted over a network.

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8
Q

Path, route, and routers

A
  • Paths are the actual chosen (or available) sequence of hops between source and destination.
  • Routes are the result or action of chosing one of these paths.
  • Routers are the devices or software that choose the which path data will take.
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9
Q

Internet service providers

A

Companies that build access networks to provide end-users access to the internet.

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10
Q

Protocol and network protocols

A

Sets of rules & information governing data communication within or between networks & devices.

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11
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

A core protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite providing reliable, ordered data transmission.

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12
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

A principal protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries.

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13
Q

Internet standards

A

Agreed-upon rules and practices for network communication to ensure interoperability.

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14
Q

IETF and RFCs

A

The Internet Engineering Task Force develops internet standards, published as Requests for Comments.

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15
Q

Distributed applications

A

Software systems that run on multiple computers within a network but appear as a single system to the user.

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16
Q

Application Programming Interface (API)

A

A set of rules and tools for building software and applications.

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17
Q

The network edge

A

The part of a network that connects end devices to the network.

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18
Q

Hosts and end systems

A

Computers or devices at the network edge that use the network for data communication.

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19
Q

Clients

A

Devices or programs that request data or services from a server.

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20
Q

Servers

A

Computers or programs that provide data or services to clients.

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21
Q

Access networks

A

Networks that connect end devices to the immediate router.

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22
Q

Edge router

A

A router that connects an internal network to an external network.

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23
Q

DSL

A

Digital Subscriber Line, a technology for high-speed internet access via telephone lines.

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24
Q

Cable Internet access

A

Internet service provided through the same infrastructure as cable television.

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25
Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
A type of fiber-optic communication delivery in which fiber extends directly into individual buildings.
26
Dial-up
An older form of internet access using telephone lines with slower speeds.
27
Satellite
Internet access provided through communications satellites.
28
Ethernet
A widely used LAN technology for connecting devices in a wired network.
29
WiFi
Wireless technology allowing devices to connect to a network without physical cables.
30
Wide-area wireless access
Wireless communication over large areas, typically through cellular networks.
31
3G network
A third-generation mobile telecommunications technology offering increased bandwidth and speed.
32
LTE network
Long-Term Evolution network offering high-speed wireless communication for mobile devices.
33
Physical media
The material substances used to carry network signals, such as wires or airwaves.
34
Guided media
Transmission mediums where the signal is guided along a physical path like cables.
35
Unguided media
Transmission mediums where the signal travels freely, like wireless or satellite.
36
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
A widely used type of cable with twisted pairs of wires without additional shielding.
37
Coaxial cable
A type of cable with a central conductor surrounded by insulation and shielding, used for internet and cable TV.
38
Fiber optics
Cables made of thin glass fibers that use light to transmit data at high speeds.
39
Terrestrial radio channels
Wireless communication channels that use earth-based transmitters and receivers.
40
Satellite radio channels
Communication channels that use satellites for signal transmission and reception.
41
Geostationary satellite
A satellite in a fixed position in the earth's orbit, providing consistent communication coverage.
42
Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite
A satellite close to the earth's surface, minimizing transmission time and energy.
43
The network core
The central part of a telecommunications network that connects various sub-networks.
44
Packet switches
Devices in a network that direct data packets to their destination using network layers.
45
Link-layer switches
Networking devices that process and route data at the link layer of the OSI model.
46
Store-and-forward transmission
A method of transmitting data where it is temporarily stored before being forwarded.
47
Messages and message switching
The process of sending and routing whole messages through a network.
48
Output buffer / output queue
A storage area where data waits before being sent over the network.
49
Queuing delays
Delays caused by packets waiting in queue to be transmitted over a network.
50
Packet loss
The failure of one or more transmitted packets to reach their intended destination.
51
Forwarding table (of routers)
A data table in routers that dictates where to send packets based on their destination.
52
Routing protocols
Protocols that determine the best path for data to travel across a network.
53
Circuit and circuit switching
The establishment of a dedicated communication path between two nodes in a network.
54
End-to-end connection
A communication link that extends from the source to the destination without intermediate routers.
55
Multiplexing in circuit-switched networks
The process of combining multiple signals into one medium for transmission.
56
TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)
A multiplexing technique where multiple signals share the same transmission medium, separated by time.
57
FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)
A multiplexing method where multiple signals are transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies.
58
Bandwidth
The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.
59
Silent periods (of circuit)
Times when a circuit is not transmitting data, often leading to inefficiency in circuit-switched networks.
60
Global transit ISP
An Internet Service Provider that connects different networks all over the world.
61
Regional ISP
An Internet Service Provider that serves customers within a specific geographical area.
62
Tier-1 ISP
An Internet Service Provider that can reach every part of the internet without purchasing IP transit.
63
Internet Exchange Point (IXP)
A physical infrastructure through which Internet Service Providers exchange internet traffic.
64
Content Provider Networks (CDNs)
Networks designed to deliver web content and videos to users efficiently.
65
Delay loss and throughput in packet-switched networks
Factors that affect the performance of packet-switched networks.
66
Types of delay
Various forms of latency in a network, such as transmission, propagation, processing, and queuing delays.
67
Nodal processing delay
The time taken for a node (like a router) to process a packet header.
68
Queuing delay
The time a packet spends waiting in a queue before being transmitted.
69
Transmission delay
The time it takes to push all the packet's bits into the wire.
70
Propagation delay
The time it takes for a signal to travel from one place to another in the network.
71
Total nodal delay
The sum of all types of delays that occur at a network node.
72
Queuing delay and packet loss
Factors that occur when more packets arrive than can be handled by the network.
73
Traffic intensity
The measure of the amount of traffic a network can handle compared to its capacity.
74
Packet drop and packet loss
The loss of packets in a network typically due to network congestion.
75
Instantaneous throughput
The rate at which a recipient is receiving data at any given moment.
76
Average throughput
The average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel.
77
Bottleneck link
The part of a network that limits total throughput due to its limited bandwidth.
78
Protocol layers and their service models
The organization of network protocols into layers, each with a specific function.
79
Layered architecture
The design of a network with separate layers that each handle a part of the communication process.
80
Protocol layering
The division of communication tasks into layers with distinct functions in a network.
81
Service and service model
The set of rules and formats that a network layer uses to exchange data.
82
Protocol stack
The collection of network protocols used in a network, arranged in layers.
83
Internet protocol stack
The set of protocols used on the internet, structured in layers.
84
ISO OSI reference model
A seven-layer model for network protocol design used to standardize communication functions.
85
Message at application layer
A unit of data at the highest level of the protocol stack, used by network applications.
86
Segment at transport layer
A unit of data in the transport layer responsible for process-to-process communication.
87
Datagram at network layer
A basic transfer unit associated with a network layer protocol like IP.
88
Frame at link layer
A unit of data used at the data link layer to encapsulate datagrams.
89
Payload field
The part of a network packet that carries the actual user data.
90
Encapsulation
The process of wrapping data with protocol information at each layer of the network stack.
91
Computer network history
The evolution and development of computer networks from their inception to the present day.
92
Packet switching
A method of grouping data transmitted over a digital network into packets.
93
ARPAnet
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite.
94
ALOHAnet
A pioneering computer networking system that provided a basis for wireless communication technology.
95
BITNET
Because It's Time Network, a cooperative university computer network providing email and file transfers.
96
CSNET
The Computer Science Network, a network formed to link researchers in computer science departments.
97
NSFNET
The National Science Foundation Network, a set of high-speed networks that supported the Internet's expansion in the United States.
98
TCP/IP Network
A set of communication protocols used for the internet and similar networks, based on the TCP and IP protocols.

COMP 347: Computer Networks (2 decks)

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