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comp 347: computer networks > Unit 1 Terms & Topics > Flashcards

Unit 1 Terms & Topics Flashcards

1
Q

The Internet

A

A global system of interconnected computer networks using the TCP/IP protocol.

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2
Q

Computer networks

A

Groups of interconnected computers for sharing resources and data.

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3
Q

The World Wide Web

A

A system of interlinked hypertext documents and multimedia accessed via the internet.

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4
Q

Communication links

A

Physical or wireless connections enabling data transfer between devices.

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5
Q

Packet switches

A

Devices that route data packets based on their destination address within a network.

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6
Q

Transmission rate

A

The speed at which data is transmitted over a network, measured in bits per second.

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7
Q

Packets

A

Small units of data transmitted over a network.

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8
Q

Path, route, and routers

A
  • Paths are the actual chosen (or available) sequence of hops between source and destination.
  • Routes are the result or action of chosing one of these paths.
  • Routers are the devices or software that choose the which path data will take.
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9
Q

Internet service providers

A

Companies that build access networks to provide end-users access to the internet.

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10
Q

Protocol and network protocols

A

Sets of rules & information governing data communication within or between networks & devices.

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11
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

A core protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite providing reliable, ordered data transmission.

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12
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

A principal protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries.

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13
Q

Internet standards

A

Agreed-upon rules and practices for network communication to ensure interoperability.

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14
Q

IETF and RFCs

A

The Internet Engineering Task Force develops internet standards, published as Requests for Comments.

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15
Q

Distributed applications

A

Software systems that run on multiple computers within a network but appear as a single system to the user.

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16
Q

Application Programming Interface (API)

A

A set of rules and tools for building software and applications.

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17
Q

The network edge

A

The part of a network that connects end devices to the network.

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18
Q

Hosts and end systems

A

Computers or devices at the network edge that use the network for data communication.

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19
Q

Clients

A

Devices or programs that request data or services from a server.

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20
Q

Servers

A

Computers or programs that provide data or services to clients.

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21
Q

Access networks

A

Networks that connect end devices to the immediate router.

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22
Q

Edge router

A

A router that connects an internal network to an external network.

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23
Q

DSL

A

Digital Subscriber Line, a technology for high-speed internet access via telephone lines.

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24
Q

Cable Internet access

A

Internet service provided through the same infrastructure as cable television.

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25
Q

Fiber to the Home (FTTH)

A

A type of fiber-optic communication delivery in which fiber extends directly into individual buildings.

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26
Q

Dial-up

A

An older form of internet access using telephone lines with slower speeds.

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27
Q

Satellite

A

Internet access provided through communications satellites.

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28
Q

Ethernet

A

A widely used LAN technology for connecting devices in a wired network.

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29
Q

WiFi

A

Wireless technology allowing devices to connect to a network without physical cables.

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30
Q

Wide-area wireless access

A

Wireless communication over large areas, typically through cellular networks.

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31
Q

3G network

A

A third-generation mobile telecommunications technology offering increased bandwidth and speed.

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32
Q

LTE network

A

Long-Term Evolution network offering high-speed wireless communication for mobile devices.

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33
Q

Physical media

A

The material substances used to carry network signals, such as wires or airwaves.

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34
Q

Guided media

A

Transmission mediums where the signal is guided along a physical path like cables.

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35
Q

Unguided media

A

Transmission mediums where the signal travels freely, like wireless or satellite.

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36
Q

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

A

A widely used type of cable with twisted pairs of wires without additional shielding.

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37
Q

Coaxial cable

A

A type of cable with a central conductor surrounded by insulation and shielding, used for internet and cable TV.

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38
Q

Fiber optics

A

Cables made of thin glass fibers that use light to transmit data at high speeds.

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39
Q

Terrestrial radio channels

A

Wireless communication channels that use earth-based transmitters and receivers.

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40
Q

Satellite radio channels

A

Communication channels that use satellites for signal transmission and reception.

41
Q

Geostationary satellite

A

A satellite in a fixed position in the earth’s orbit, providing consistent communication coverage.

42
Q

Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite

A

A satellite close to the earth’s surface, minimizing transmission time and energy.

43
Q

The network core

A

The central part of a telecommunications network that connects various sub-networks.

44
Q

Packet switches

A

Devices in a network that direct data packets to their destination using network layers.

45
Q

Link-layer switches

A

Networking devices that process and route data at the link layer of the OSI model.

46
Q

Store-and-forward transmission

A

A method of transmitting data where it is temporarily stored before being forwarded.

47
Q

Messages and message switching

A

The process of sending and routing whole messages through a network.

48
Q

Output buffer / output queue

A

A storage area where data waits before being sent over the network.

49
Q

Queuing delays

A

Delays caused by packets waiting in queue to be transmitted over a network.

50
Q

Packet loss

A

The failure of one or more transmitted packets to reach their intended destination.

51
Q

Forwarding table (of routers)

A

A data table in routers that dictates where to send packets based on their destination.

52
Q

Routing protocols

A

Protocols that determine the best path for data to travel across a network.

53
Q

Circuit and circuit switching

A

The establishment of a dedicated communication path between two nodes in a network.

54
Q

End-to-end connection

A

A communication link that extends from the source to the destination without intermediate routers.

55
Q

Multiplexing in circuit-switched networks

A

The process of combining multiple signals into one medium for transmission.

56
Q

TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)

A

A multiplexing technique where multiple signals share the same transmission medium, separated by time.

57
Q

FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)

A

A multiplexing method where multiple signals are transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies.

58
Q

Bandwidth

A

The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.

59
Q

Silent periods (of circuit)

A

Times when a circuit is not transmitting data, often leading to inefficiency in circuit-switched networks.

60
Q

Global transit ISP

A

An Internet Service Provider that connects different networks all over the world.

61
Q

Regional ISP

A

An Internet Service Provider that serves customers within a specific geographical area.

62
Q

Tier-1 ISP

A

An Internet Service Provider that can reach every part of the internet without purchasing IP transit.

63
Q

Internet Exchange Point (IXP)

A

A physical infrastructure through which Internet Service Providers exchange internet traffic.

64
Q

Content Provider Networks (CDNs)

A

Networks designed to deliver web content and videos to users efficiently.

65
Q

Delay loss and throughput in packet-switched networks

A

Factors that affect the performance of packet-switched networks.

66
Q

Types of delay

A

Various forms of latency in a network, such as transmission, propagation, processing, and queuing delays.

67
Q

Nodal processing delay

A

The time taken for a node (like a router) to process a packet header.

68
Q

Queuing delay

A

The time a packet spends waiting in a queue before being transmitted.

69
Q

Transmission delay

A

The time it takes to push all the packet’s bits into the wire.

70
Q

Propagation delay

A

The time it takes for a signal to travel from one place to another in the network.

71
Q

Total nodal delay

A

The sum of all types of delays that occur at a network node.

72
Q

Queuing delay and packet loss

A

Factors that occur when more packets arrive than can be handled by the network.

73
Q

Traffic intensity

A

The measure of the amount of traffic a network can handle compared to its capacity.

74
Q

Packet drop and packet loss

A

The loss of packets in a network typically due to network congestion.

75
Q

Instantaneous throughput

A

The rate at which a recipient is receiving data at any given moment.

76
Q

Average throughput

A

The average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel.

77
Q

Bottleneck link

A

The part of a network that limits total throughput due to its limited bandwidth.

78
Q

Protocol layers and their service models

A

The organization of network protocols into layers, each with a specific function.

79
Q

Layered architecture

A

The design of a network with separate layers that each handle a part of the communication process.

80
Q

Protocol layering

A

The division of communication tasks into layers with distinct functions in a network.

81
Q

Service and service model

A

The set of rules and formats that a network layer uses to exchange data.

82
Q

Protocol stack

A

The collection of network protocols used in a network, arranged in layers.

83
Q

Internet protocol stack

A

The set of protocols used on the internet, structured in layers.

84
Q

ISO OSI reference model

A

A seven-layer model for network protocol design used to standardize communication functions.

85
Q

Message at application layer

A

A unit of data at the highest level of the protocol stack, used by network applications.

86
Q

Segment at transport layer

A

A unit of data in the transport layer responsible for process-to-process communication.

87
Q

Datagram at network layer

A

A basic transfer unit associated with a network layer protocol like IP.

88
Q

Frame at link layer

A

A unit of data used at the data link layer to encapsulate datagrams.

89
Q

Payload field

A

The part of a network packet that carries the actual user data.

90
Q

Encapsulation

A

The process of wrapping data with protocol information at each layer of the network stack.

91
Q

Computer network history

A

The evolution and development of computer networks from their inception to the present day.

92
Q

Packet switching

A

A method of grouping data transmitted over a digital network into packets.

93
Q

ARPAnet

A

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite.

94
Q

ALOHAnet

A

A pioneering computer networking system that provided a basis for wireless communication technology.

95
Q

BITNET

A

Because It’s Time Network, a cooperative university computer network providing email and file transfers.

96
Q

CSNET

A

The Computer Science Network, a network formed to link researchers in computer science departments.

97
Q

NSFNET

A

The National Science Foundation Network, a set of high-speed networks that supported the Internet’s expansion in the United States.

98
Q

TCP/IP Network

A

A set of communication protocols used for the internet and similar networks, based on the TCP and IP protocols.

comp 347: computer networks (2 decks)

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