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Higher Chemistry > Unit 1- Structure And Bonding > Flashcards

Unit 1- Structure And Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What bond does two elements with the same electronegativities form

A

Pure covalent/ non-polar covalent

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2
Q

What bonding does two non metals with slightly different electronegativities form

A

Polar covalent

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3
Q

What bond does two elements with very large electronegativities form

A

Ionic

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4
Q

What are ionic bonds usually formed of

A

A metal and non metal

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5
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between a metal ion and non metal ion

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6
Q

Describe the bonding continuum

A

Pure/non-polar covalent
Polar covalent
Ionic

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7
Q

Describe elements with ionic bonding’s mp and conductivity

A

High mp

Conducts when molten or in a solution

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8
Q

What are the forces between molecules called

Overall name

A

Intermolecular

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9
Q

How many types of Van Der Waals forces are there

A

Three

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10
Q

What is the weakest of all Van Der Waals forces

A

London dispersion forces

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11
Q

LDF are found in monatomic elements and molecular elements

True or false

A

True

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12
Q

What are LDFs caused by

A

An uneven distribution of electrons within an atom

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13
Q

What is a dipole

A

A term used to describe molecules which unequal distribution of charge results in one side of the molecule becomes slightly positively charged and the other side becomes slightly negatively charged

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14
Q

What is a polar molecule

A

A molecule with a permanent dipole

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15
Q

For a molecule to be positive what are the two conditions

A

Must have polar covalent bonds

Must be able to draw a line through it so on one side it is positively charged and the other side is negatively charged

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16
Q

What are the intermolecular forces between non polar molecules

A

Weak LDF

17
Q

What intermolecular forces between polar molecules

A

Stronger permanent dipole - permanent dipole

18
Q

What are permanent dipole - permanent dipole attractions

A

Electrostatic forces of attraction between the permanent dipole of a polar molecule and the permanent dipole of its neighbour

19
Q

What is stronger permanent dipole- permanent dipole or LDF

A

Permanent dipole- permanent dipole

20
Q

What is hydrogen bonding

A

Usually strong permanent dipole- permanent dipole interactions that arise between highly polar molecule

21
Q

Which atoms are associated with hydrogen bonding

A

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Hydrogen

22
Q

What are the two factors which affect the mp and bp of a substance

A

Type of Van Der Waals bonding present

Total number of elections in a molecule

23
Q

What is stronger hydrogen bonding or permanent dipole - permanent dipole

A

Hydrogen bonding

24
Q

What is viscosity

A

How thick I liquid is

25
Q

Describe a highly viscous liquid

A

Treacle

Syrup

26
Q

Describe a liquid with a low viscosity

A

Water

27
Q

The stronger the intermolecular forces the ……… the viscosity

A

Greater

28
Q

What types of substances are polar molecules likely to dissolve in

A

Polar liquids

29
Q

What liquids are non polar molecules liked to dissolve in

A

Non polar liquids

30
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble in polar or non polar liquids

A

Polar liquids

31
Q

What is the layer formed between a polar and non polar liquid

A

Immiscible layer

32
Q

What must a substance contain in order for it to conduct

A

Charged particles that are free to move

Electrons or ions

33
Q

What happens to the density of substances other than water when they change from liquid to solid

A

Increase in density

34
Q

What is the intermolecular bonding in ice

A

Hydrogen bonding

35
Q

What is the density of ice compared to water

A

Less dense

36
Q

Why is ice less dense than water

A

The hydrogen bonds lock molecules together into a lattice of hexagonal rings leaving lots of empty spaces between the molecules

Higher Chemistry (3 decks)

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