Unit 1: Scientific Foundations of Psychology

Question 1

Behavioral Approach

Answer 1

The psychological perspective that is concerned with behavioral reactions and stimuli; learning as a result of experience

Question 2

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 2

Known for classical conditioning for doggies- He paired the sound of a bell with the presentation of food. Over time, the dogs began to associate the bell with food and would start to salivate at the sound of the bell, even when no food was presented.

Question 3

John Watson

Answer 3

Known for experiments in classical aversive conditioning- founded classical behaviorism, treated behavior = as the conditioned response of an organism to environmental stimuli and inner biological processes and that rejected as unscientific all supposed psychological phenomena

Question 4

B.F. Skinner

Answer 4

Known for experiments in Operant Conditioning.

example of experiment:
Skinner used a hungry rat in a Skinner box to show how positive reinforcement works. The box contained a lever on the side, and as the rat moved about the box, it would accidentally knock the lever. Immediately after it did so, a food pellet would drop into a container next to the lever.

Question 4

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 4

Psychological perspective concerned with how conscious instincts, conflicts, motives, and defenses influence behavior.

Question 5

Humanistic Psychologists

Answer 5

Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

Question 5

Sigmund Freud

Answer 5

“Father of psychoanalysis”

Question 5

Psychodynamic Psychologists

Answer 5

Carl Jung, Arnold Adler, Karen Horney, Kohut

Question 6

Humanistic Approach

Answer 6

Psychological perspective concerned with individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in growth towards one’s potential.

Question 7

Biological Approach

Answer 7

Psychological perspective concerned with physiological and biochemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes.

Question 8

Cognitive Approach

Answer 8

Psychological perspective concerned with how we receive, store, and process information; think/reason; and use language.

Question 9

Who studied cognitive development in children?

Answer 9

Jean Piaget!

Question 9

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 9

Psychological perspective concerned with how natural selection favored behaviors that contributed to survival and spread of our ancestors’ genes; evolutionary psychologists take a Darwin approach to the study of human behavior.

Question 9

Socio-cultural approach

Answer 9

psychological perspective concerned with how cultural differences affect behavior.

Question 10

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 10

Overarching psychological perspective that integrates biological processes, psychological factors and social forces to provide a more complete picture of behavior and mental processes than a single approach

Question 11

Eclectic

Answer 11

Use of techniques and ideas from a variety of approaches.

Question 12

Clinical Psychologists

Answer 12

Evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

Question 13

Developmental Psychologists

Answer 13

Study psychological development throughout the lifespan.

Question 14

Educational Psychologists

Answer 14

Focus on how effective teaching and learning take place.

Question 15

Engineering Psychologists and Human Factors Psychologists

Answer 15

Do research on how people function with the best machines

Question 16

Experimental psychologists

Answer 16

Do research to add new knowledge to the field.

Question 17

Forensic Psychologists

Answer 17

Apply psychological principals to legal issues.

Question 18

Heath Psychologists

Answer 18

Concentrate on biological, psychological, and social factors involved in health and illness.

Question 19

Industrial/Organizational Psychologists

Answer 19

Aim to improve productivity and the quality of work life by applying psychological principals and methods to the workplace.

Question 20

Neuro-psychologists

Answer 20

Explore the relationships between brain/nervous systems and behavior. They are also called bio-psychologists or biological psychologists

Question 21

Personality Psychologists

Answer 21

Focus on traits, attitudes, and goals of the individual