Unit 1 SAC 1 Flashcards
what does pies stand for
physical, intellectual, emotional, social
4 key points to development
1-occurs in a predictable and orderly way
2-development is continual
3-there are individual variation in the rate and timing of development
4-deveopment follows predictable patterns
what is cephalocaudal development?
the development of your body from head to toe.
what is proximodistal development?
development that refers to the inside of your body to the out
what are the three points to physical development? plus examples to each
1-growth- people getting bigger
2-change to body systems- increase in complexity of the brain.
3-motor skill development (fine and gross)
what are the two motor skill developments and an example of each?
1-fine motor skills- writing, cutting with scissors (small movements)
2-gross motor skills- running, throwing a ball, riding a bike. (big movements)
what does increase in complexity mean?
becoming more complicated and advanced. (helping you reach physical peak) examples, replacing baby teeth with adult teeth, hardening of bones and changes the way the sex organs work.
what is the difference between growth and development?
growth represents size, growth or organs, whereas development means when something changes (through age or new experience) e.g. brain deveopment.
social development 5 key ideas.
1-behaviours, e.g. being considerate.
2-social roles, e.g. son or daughter
3-values and beliefs, e.g. valuing honesty or compassion to others less fortunate
4- communication skills, e.g. written and oral communication
5- relationship skills, e.g. conflict, resolution and open communication
how can peers change your social development?
choice of clothing
styles of music
activities they participate in
make bad choices like- smoking and alcohol
making good choices- mannerisms, vocabulary or inspiration.
emotional development 4 key aspects are
1-self concept- how you see yourself
2- management of emotions- the ability to control emotions in an appropriate manner
3-expression of emotions-the ability to express emotions in an appropriate manner
4- awareness of emotions- the ability to recognise emotions experienced.
intellectual development, 7 key aspects..
attention, knowledge, language, memory, thought pattern (abstract and concrete), creativity and imagination, problem solving.
what is the difference between concrete and abstract thought?
concrete thought relates to physical things you see, whereas abstract thought is being able to think about concepts and ideas.
what is the difference between self esteem and self concept?
self esteem relates to how someone feel about themselves. whereas self concept is related to how someone sees themselves.
what is an interrelationship?
the way that two or more things compare relate to each other. for example, in an everyday situation, how all four aspects of development In youth may connect and come into play for that certain situation.
characteristics of puberty are triggered by?
hormones.
when does the adolescent growth spurt occur for girls
10-13 years old
when does the adolescent growth spurt occur for boys
12-15
what does spermarche mean?
first ejaculation
what is menstruation?
a girls period. The shedding of a woman’s utterers once a cycle.
what is a menarche?
a girls very first period
what is a menstrual cycle?
the process of ovulation and menstruation in women and other female primates.
what is puberty?
the time of significant changes to an individuals body, in terms of skeletal and sexual maturation.
what are hormones?
a chemical substance produced by the body that acts to regulate and control body processes, including physical growth and development.
what is the endocrine systems?
a body system that is made up of glands that release hormones to control body functions.
what are gonads?
a gland in the body that produces sex cells.
what are ovaries?
small organ that stores eggs until they have matured. Releases ovum for the menstrual cycle, produces oestrogen and progesterone.
What are testes?
oval shaped organ that produces sperm and the male hormone testosterone.
what is oestrogen?
female sex hormone produced by the ovaries which controls body changes during puberty and during the menstrual cycle.
what is progesterone?
female sex hormone produced by the ovaries which controls body changes during puberty and during the menstrual cycle.
what is testosterone?
male sex hormone produced by the testes which controls body changes at puberty and sperm production.
what is the growth hormone?
this hormone stimulates growth of muscles, organs and bones.
what is the pituitary gland?
this gland is part of the endocrine system and locked in the base of the brain. it produce growth hormone and activates other glands to produce hormones.
what is a growth spurt?
a period involving rapid increase in height and body mass, which occurs as a consequence of onset puberty.
what are primary sex characteristics?
characteristics that develop during puberty related to the development of the sex organs and reproductive system of males and females, enabling them to reproduce..
what are secondary sex characteristics?
characteristics that develop during puberty that indicate sexual maturity but do not relate specifically to reproduction.
world health organisation defines health as?…
‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’ 1946
what are some limitations to the 1946 world heath definition?
- its a broad definition of health
- it does not give everyone the opportunity to be healthy.
- trying to complete welling in even one dimension is difficult.
- good health is unattainable for most people.
signs of good health on a person are?
healthy weight, strong bones, intelligent, smooth lips.
signs of bad health on a person are?
back problems, under and over weight, depression.
what are the 8 aspects of physical health?
physical fitness body weight blood cholesterol blood pressure level of illness feelings of physical wellbeing energy levels functioning of body systems.
physical health definition
the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
what are the 5 aspects of social health?
friendship networks being a part of a group relationships with family state of relationships with school or workmates social needs met
social health definition?
being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way
what are the 5 aspects of mental health?
self esteem confidence levels of stress feelings thought patterns
what is the mental health definition
state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own capabilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
what is optimal health?
the highest Lebel of health an individual can realistically attain.
when answering questions in this sac what do you need to remember?
KEY TERMS
what are the three main biological determinants?
genetics
hormonal changes
body weight
what are the biological determinants?
the biological determinants are concerned with the body cells, tissues and organs and how they function.
list three ways in which genetics can influence youth development
- physical appearance (hair and eye colour, height weight muscle mass ect are controlled by genetic potential)
- amount of hormones released ( genetics control this, but the hormones themselves are responsible of making the changes)
- sex ( genetics control what sex you will be such as gentiles and reproductive systems.)
what gland secretes GnRH and what Is the role this hormone plays during puberty?
hypothalamus. GnRH triggers the release of LH and FSH.
what is LH and FSH, where is it secreted from and what is its role?
Luteinising and Follicle-stimulating, pituitary gland, acts of the testes and ovaries to release testosterone or oestrogen.
where is the growth hormone released from?
pituitary gland
what hormone is released from the thyroid gland and has the ability to regulate metabolisms?
thyroxine
explain two ways in which hormonal changes can influence youth development.
1-how quick someone develops
2-social development
what is BMI and what is it used for?
(body mass index) used to indicate and compare to average statistics and tell whether a person is healthy, underweight or over weight.
name the primary sexual characteristics for males
Penis enlargement
first ejaculation
testes grow and start producing sperm
name the primary sexual characteristics for females
first ovulation
first menstruation
the ovaries, uterus, vagina, labia and clitoris enlarge.
name the secondary sexual characteristics for males
skin becomes oily shoulders broaden increased muscle mass body hair facial hair voice lowers increased stature
name the secondary sexual characteristics for females
skin becomes oily body hair increased fat to muscle ratio hips widen breasts develop
what are the stages of lifestyle?
prenatal - before birth infancy- 0-2 early childhood-2-6 late childhood 6-12 youth- 12-18 early adulthood 19-40 middle adulthood 40-65 late adulthood-65+
what is genetic potential?
the genetic capabilities and limitations of an individual’s genetic make-up
onset puberty definition
the beginning of puberty. for girls puberty starts from about 10-14, while for boys its 12-16.
