Unit 1 review Flashcards
Columbian Exchange: cause and effect
Cause:
- Columbus wanted to reach Asia but landed in the Bahamas
Effect:
- Transfer of new foods, animals, crops, and germs from Europe to the Americas.
- Rapid Population growth in growth but decline in Americas because of disease
Debate over Columbus
He thought he found Asia but the Spaniards realized he didn’t find land, gold, or spices so they saw him as a failure. The land he explore was named after America Vespucci
Settled along the St. Lawrence River
French
Utilized natives as laborers
Spanish
Generally remained separate from natives
British
More likely to settle as a family unit
British
Established the encomienda system
Spanish
Maintained friendliest relations with native populations
French
Sent the smaller number of settlements to North America
French
Intermarriage with Natives was common
Spanish
Did not try to covert native populations to Christianity
British
What were the intolerable acts?
AKA the “Coercive Acts”. Great Britian enacted these acts after hearing about the Boston Tea Party (King George III = ANGRY)
What was the Boston Massacre?
On a snowy day in March, British guards killed five Bostonians after they harassed teh guards.
- Made resentment against British stronger because the guards were not charged that seriously.
What were the Townshend duties?
Merchants were taxed on colonial exports like tea, glass, and paper in order to pay crown officials in colonies
- Led to the Boston Massacre
- Every tax was eventually repealed except tea
What was the Stamp Act?
First direct tax (external) for the people of the colonies from British Parliament which required a stamp for most printed paper.
- Colonists were angry because there was no representation in the British Parliament
- British Parliament say it’s “virtual representation”
- Repealed before it came into effect
What was the Sugar Act?
(AKA the Revenue Act of 1764) Enforced duty on the importation of molasses. (Internal)
- Wanted to prevent smuggling of French molasses
- Changed location of trial for smugglers from colonies to British vice admirality
What was the proclamation of 1763?
British Government issued a proclamation that prevented colonists from moving west from the Appalachian mountains
Cause of French and Indian War?
Conflict over Ohio River Valley
Effect of French and Indian War?
Britain won –> able to assert more controlled and were more unified
Albany Plan Union
Benjamin Franklin wanted a system where the colonies recruited troops and collected taxes. (NEVER TOOK EFFECT)
What was the Great Awakening?
The movement of diverse religious expressions
Who was George Whitefield?
1739: Spread the Great Awakening
- “God only saved those who openly professed their belief in Jesus Christ”
Who was Jonathan Edwards??
Minister from Massachusetts who spread the Great Awakening
- “People who repented would be saved by God, those two ignored God’s commandments would suffer”
What was the Peter Zenger Trial?
In 1735, Peter Zenger who was a New York publisher, was tried for criticizing NY’s royal governor –> encouraged newspapers to criticize governments
