Unit 1- Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions that release energy.
What is the main source of energy in a living cell?
Glucose
Name four cellular activities that energy from respiration can be used for.
- Muscle contraction
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
- Transmission of nerve impulses
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, a high-energy molecule produced from the breakdown of glucose.
Where does the first stage of respiration occur?
In the cytoplasm.
What does glucose break down into during the first stage of respiration?
Two molecules of pyruvate.
How much ATP is produced during the first stage of respiration?
2 ATP.
What happens during aerobic respiration if oxygen is present?
Aerobic respiration occurs, breaking down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water.
Where does the second stage of aerobic respiration occur?
In the mitochondria.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.
How much ATP is produced during the second stage of aerobic respiration?
A large number of ATP.
What is fermentation?
A process that occurs when oxygen is not present, resulting in the breakdown of glucose.
What are the final products of fermentation in animal cells?
Lactate and energy.
What are the final products of fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
Carbon dioxide, ethanol, and energy.
How much ATP is produced during fermentation?
2 ATP.
What is the location of fermentation in cells?
In the cytoplasm.
What is the relationship between energy requirements and the number of mitochondria in a cell?
Higher energy requirements lead to a greater number of mitochondria.
Give an example of a specialized cell that has a high number of mitochondria.
- Sperm cell
- Muscle cell
What does a respirometer measure?
The rate of respiration in a living organism.
What happens to CO2 in a respirometer?
It is absorbed by sodium hydroxide.
What is the significance of the pressure change in a respirometer?
It causes the liquid dye to move, indicating the rate of respiration.
What is the overall ATP yield during fermentation?
2 ATP.
In the first stage of fermentation, what is glucose broken down into?
Two molecules of pyruvate.
True or False: The breakdown of pyruvate in aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
True.
Fill in the blank: The first stage of respiration is called _______.
Glycolysis.
