Unit 1- Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions that release energy.
What is the main source of energy in a living cell?
Glucose
Name four cellular activities that energy from respiration can be used for.
- Muscle contraction
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
- Transmission of nerve impulses
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, a high-energy molecule produced from the breakdown of glucose.
Where does the first stage of respiration occur?
In the cytoplasm.
What does glucose break down into during the first stage of respiration?
Two molecules of pyruvate.
How much ATP is produced during the first stage of respiration?
2 ATP.
What happens during aerobic respiration if oxygen is present?
Aerobic respiration occurs, breaking down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water.
Where does the second stage of aerobic respiration occur?
In the mitochondria.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.
How much ATP is produced during the second stage of aerobic respiration?
A large number of ATP.
What is fermentation?
A process that occurs when oxygen is not present, resulting in the breakdown of glucose.
What are the final products of fermentation in animal cells?
Lactate and energy.
What are the final products of fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
Carbon dioxide, ethanol, and energy.
How much ATP is produced during fermentation?
2 ATP.
