Unit 1- Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

A series of enzyme-controlled reactions that release energy.

Question 2

What is the main source of energy in a living cell?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

Name four cellular activities that energy from respiration can be used for.

Answer 3

• Muscle contraction
• Cell division
• Protein synthesis
• Transmission of nerve impulses

Question 4

What is ATP?

Answer 4

Adenosine triphosphate, a high-energy molecule produced from the breakdown of glucose.

Question 5

Where does the first stage of respiration occur?

Answer 5

In the cytoplasm.

Question 6

What does glucose break down into during the first stage of respiration?

Answer 6

Two molecules of pyruvate.

Question 7

How much ATP is produced during the first stage of respiration?

Answer 7

2 ATP.

Question 8

What happens during aerobic respiration if oxygen is present?

Answer 8

Aerobic respiration occurs, breaking down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water.

Question 9

Where does the second stage of aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 9

In the mitochondria.

Question 10

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 10

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.

Question 11

How much ATP is produced during the second stage of aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

A large number of ATP.

Question 12

What is fermentation?

Answer 12

A process that occurs when oxygen is not present, resulting in the breakdown of glucose.

Question 13

What are the final products of fermentation in animal cells?

Answer 13

Lactate and energy.

Question 14

What are the final products of fermentation in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide, ethanol, and energy.

Question 15

How much ATP is produced during fermentation?

Answer 15

2 ATP.

Question 16

What is the location of fermentation in cells?

Answer 16

In the cytoplasm.

Question 17

What is the relationship between energy requirements and the number of mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 17

Higher energy requirements lead to a greater number of mitochondria.

Question 18

Give an example of a specialized cell that has a high number of mitochondria.

Answer 18

• Sperm cell
• Muscle cell

Question 19

What does a respirometer measure?

Answer 19

The rate of respiration in a living organism.

Question 20

What happens to CO2 in a respirometer?

Answer 20

It is absorbed by sodium hydroxide.

Question 21

What is the significance of the pressure change in a respirometer?

Answer 21

It causes the liquid dye to move, indicating the rate of respiration.

Question 22

What is the overall ATP yield during fermentation?

Answer 22

2 ATP.

Question 23

In the first stage of fermentation, what is glucose broken down into?

Answer 23

Two molecules of pyruvate.

Question 24

True or False: The breakdown of pyruvate in aerobic respiration requires oxygen.

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The first stage of respiration is called _______.

Answer 25

Glycolysis.