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Chemistry 12 > Unit 1 Religion Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Religion Test Flashcards

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1
Q

teleological thinking

A

seeking to understand the ultimate goal, purpose, or end to something

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2
Q

teleological

A

having to do w the design/purpose of something
- a house is made to live in
- what of the end to which human beings aspire?

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3
Q

empiricism

A

knowledge comes from experience, or form of evidence that can be perceived by the senses

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4
Q

subjective

A

persons own perception and understanding, arising from own mind, feelings, experiences, perceptions

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5
Q

aristotle is what kind of ethics

A

teleological ethics

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6
Q

objective

A

independent of individual thought, not influenced based on personal experiences (based on hard, factual, universal evidence)

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7
Q

immanuel kant

A
  • his theory of Practical Reason says that humans act not only on impulse, but also out of conscience choice based on principles
  • looking towards what we ought to do
  • more focused on the individual and personal good will as duty
  • what we ought to do do, what we shall do, not what we want to do
  • ethical principles could be applied to everyone as a universal law
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8
Q

difference between ethics and morality

A
  • morals are more like internally choosing to attain good and following laws as we feel duty or obligation
  • ethics guides morality, it’s like a standard of good and bad, identifying what is right or wrong
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9
Q

aristotle

A
  • student of plato
  • teacher to alexander the great
  • less concerned about individual person and more concerned about the community
  • happiness is the condition of a person who succeeds in living/acting well
  • aims toward what we are intended to be, our ultimate goal
  • must be moderate in all things
  • we develop our character
  • our mind must control our desires
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10
Q

emmanuel levinas

A
  • believed central question is where is the good
  • each thing or person is a unique expression of God
  • its good to be different
  • the good is related to what makes us different from one another
  • all things and people carry a trace of of the infinite God within them
  • the face of another calls us to respond, especially the eyes (assist/help them)
  • goodness translates to a personality responsibility for the other
  • true goodness knows no limits
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11
Q

what kind of ethics is kant

A

deontological ethics

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12
Q

Personal Response (ethical experience)

A

The Scream
-an appeal, a call for help
- almost automatic
- immediate inner tension to respond

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13
Q

what are the 4 ethical experiences

A

1 - personal response (the scream)
2 - responsibility for the other (the beggar)
3 - duty (I have to)
4 - contrast (this is not fair)

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14
Q

Responsibility for the Other - The Beggar
(ethical experience)

A
  • affected by the needs of others and cant accept position of neutrality
  • emmanuel levinas
  • the human face of someone in need
  • face to face experience
  • in levinas’ language the others face holds you hostage and makes you responsible
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15
Q

Duty - I have to… The Experience of Obligation
(ethical experience)

A
  • urged to act responsibly from what you’ve been taught and by rules of your community
  • feeling obligated to obey a rule has everything to do with your ethical side
  • invades your consciousness and demands a response
  • Kant worked out ethical theory for this experience of duty
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16
Q

Contrast - The Experience of Contrast - This is not fair
(ethical experience)

A
  • faced with cruelty
  • produces psychological shock and disgust
  • you have built in capacity for knowing what the world ought to look like
  • when confronted with violence you naturally recoil from it
  • shocked because the terrible events contrast with with what you expect from fellow humans
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17
Q

agent

A

one who acts, who has the capacity to initiate a course of events

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18
Q

mitigate

A

make less severe

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19
Q

predestination

A

the view that my behaviour is predetermined, whether by God or by other causes

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20
Q

aggravate

A

make worse

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21
Q

conceptual framework of action

A

agent, intention, motivation, action, circumstances, outcome

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22
Q

MOTIVATION - conceptual framework of action

A
  • reason for action
  • you don’t always make good judgment
  • you justify your action, appealing to a value that makes it right
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23
Q

AGENT - conceptual framework of action

A

person who makes things happen
- free choice

24
Q

INTENTION - conceptual framework of action

A
  • end in view or desired result
  • what commitments are made?
  • your actions shape you good or bad
25
Q

CIRCUMSTANCES - conceptual framework of action

A
  • under what circumstances?
  • what factors is the agent juggling
  • the circumstances affect how much the action is yours
  • may increase or decrease your responsibility
26
Q

OUTCOME - conceptual framework of action

A
  • who is responsible for the positive or negative
  • outcome of action intended or not affects the self for good or bad
  • ex you drunk drive and crash
27
Q

what are the 3 arguments against human freedom

A

naturalism, religious determinism, social determinism

28
Q

ACTION - conceptual framework of action

A
  • how is the action done
  • is harm done so that good can be accomplished
  • how you carry it out says something about you
  • mitigate or aggravate
29
Q

naturalism

A
  • first coined by G.E Moore
  • roots back to David Hume
  • understands the material universe as a unified system
  • everything is shaped by physical, biological, psychological, social, and environmental processes
  • humans are no more than part of the material universe
  • everything must be explained by scientific experimentation
  • your promises/commitments dont come from motives or intentions, they come from genetic predisposition
  • freedom is a delusion
  • feelings/attachment are neutral
30
Q

Religious Determinism

A
  • freedom is an illusion bc actions arent free
  • actions are nothing more than the result of brain processes
  • predestination
  • God has predetermined the course of the world and individual’s actions
  • catholic tradition has struggled to believe in human freedom because of God’s providence
31
Q

Social Determinism

A
  • behaviour influenced by others upon you
  • parents, culture, mental state
  • any traumatic experiences you have had
  • actions can be explained by what you have gone through at the hands of others therefore not free
32
Q

autonomy

A

free self direction; responsibility

33
Q

moral stance

A

moral directions, what you stand for

34
Q

character

A

the way your actions overtime tend to become fixed in your body

35
Q

narcissism

A

disorder marked by self absorption to the exclusion of others

36
Q

trinity

A

central mystery of the christian faith and of christian life
- god makes it known to us by revealing himself as the father, the son, and the holy spirit

37
Q

6 aspects of human person

A

importance of others, importance of having direction in life, importance of communication and language, importance of character and one’s body, importance of conscience,
development of one’s conscience

38
Q

importance of others
(aspect of human person)

A
  • healthy balance between love for oneself and others
  • are you responsible for your siblings/why should you care for them
  • we need one another to survive
  • can you be free and unique while bearing responsibility for others
39
Q

importance of having direction in life
(aspect of human person)

A
  • being committed to particular values
  • knowing where you stand with great issues in life
  • identity lies in moral values
  • critical that you stand for something
40
Q

importance of communication & language
(aspect of human person)

A
  • part of a community that shares a common language
  • what you value and aspire to be was first made known to you by others
  • living in a culture and adopting communication styles shapes your identity
  • common language empowers us symbolically
41
Q

the importance of character and one’s body
(aspect of human person)

A
  • you do things with your body
  • through your body all human traits become possible
  • we express our traits and qualities through the human body
  • moral and ethical decision shape who we are
42
Q

importance of conscience
(aspect of human person)

A
  • law written in human hearts
  • should not confuse conscience with superego
  • when we do things because we feel like we have to thats the superego
    -when we do things because we want to thats our conscience
  • does not lay feelings of guilt upon us
43
Q

development of one’s conscience
(aspect of human person)

A
  • as you mature
  • follow values and virtues of christian life
  • one’s conscience can be malformed through immoral acts, faulty reasoning, faulty value, and misinformation from others
44
Q

symptoms of malformed conscience

A
  • rationalization
  • trivialization (its no big deal)
  • misinformation
  • the end justifies the means (i had no choice or else)
  • means to an end (itll be better in the long run)
  • difficult to reason (i should have thought abt it first maybe there was another way)
45
Q

3 senses of conscience

A

1 - as the ability to recognize right from wrong (general awareness is what makes us human)
2 - as an active process of moral reasoning (learning the facts and what moral values are informing ourselves from reliable sources)
3 - as a judgment (making a final decision and committing to do whats right)

46
Q

how to build character

A
  • repeat actions you create habits
  • choices you make day after day are a product of what you believe in
  • others will identify you as kind, helpful, stubborn etc.
  • we develop good habits called virtues and bad habits called vices
47
Q

well formed conscience

A

formed by using scripture, community, church
- entails recognizing one’s guilt from past wrongdoings and what has been taught by it

48
Q

wrongly formed conscience

A

formed on mistaken info
- fauls rumours, misinformation

49
Q

lax conscience

A
  • not being concerned whether the action is right or wrong or is impacting negatively
50
Q

legalistic conscience

A

obeying rules perfectly, following law rather than spirit of law
- ex you go to school when youre sick

51
Q

warranted guilt

A

when we know an act is wrong but we do it anyway and recognize what we did was wrong

52
Q

unwarranted guilt

A

no real justifiable reason to feel guilty
occurs when you have wrongly formed conscience

53
Q

too little guilt

A

becoming accustomed to sin and therefore feeling immune to wrongdoing
occurs when you have lax conscience

54
Q

excessive guilt

A

guilt out of proportion to the severity of the wrongdoing
occurs when legalistic conscience

55
Q

character cycle

A

choices conscience actions
habits
good bad virtues vices
character

Chemistry 12 (3 decks)

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