Unit 1 Pyschiatric Flashcards
Sedative Hypnoics
GABA/Melatonin
Antianxiety Agents
GABA
Antidepressants
Monoamines
Mood stabilizers
Glutamate
Antipsychotics
Dopamine
Anticholinesterase
Norepinephrine
Medications used to treat social phobias and how do they work?
SSRIs
Work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin”more serotonin available” enhancing its transmission at the serotonergic synapse
What type of antipsychotics would be prescribed for an overweight patient and why?
Typical/Conventional/1st Generation
These do not cause weight gain like the atypical/2nd generation
Therapeutic uses of anti anxiety medications
Used therapeutically for insomnia, also OCD, social anxiety disorder, generalize anxiety, panic disorder, an PTSD
List the stages of the nurse patient relationship, and what happens at each stage
Orientation
Working
Termination
Cultural Filter
Cultural filters are a form of cultural bias or cultural prejudice that determines what we pay attention to and what we ignore
Levels of anxiety
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Panic
ECT therapy
Used in:
Pts who are suicidal
No response to other treatment
4 or more manic episodes per year
Manic nursing interventions
Use a firm and calm approach
Maintain a low level of stimuli
Monitor I&Os as well as VS
Encourage frequent rest periods
Ideas of reference
Giving personal significance to trivial events, perceiving events as relating to you when they are not
Auditory hallucinations
Hearing voices or sounds that do not exist in the environment but are mister epitome of inner thoughts or feelings
Echoloia
The pathological repeating of another’s words
Wavy flexibility
The extended maintenance of posture
Depersonalization
A nonspecific feeling that a personas lost his/her identity and that the self is different or unreal
Neologism
Made up words that have meaning for the patient but a different or nonexistent meaning to others
Clanging
The choice of words based in their sound rather than their meaning, often rhyming and sometimes having a similar beginning sound
Alogia
Poverty of speech:
Reduced amount of speech; responses range from brief to one word answers
Anhedonia
Inability to experience pleasure in activities that usually produce it
Dystonia
Abnormal muscle tonicity resulting in impaired voluntary movement
Akathisia
Regular rhythmic movements, usually of the lower limbs; constant pacing may be seen
Tardive dyskinesia
A serious and irreversible side effect of phenothiazines and related drugs; consists of involuntary tonic muscle spasms typically involving the tongue, fingers, toes, neck, trunk or pelvis
Bulimic Symptoms
Does not appear ill Often near normal weight Tooth erosion Parotid swelling Gastric dilation Calluses on hands Peripheral edema Muscle weakening Abnormal EKG Cardiac failure Abnormal labs
Anorexia symptoms
Severely underweight May have fine hair on face and back(lanuge) Mottled, cool skin Low BP, temp, pulse Amenorrhea Yellow skin Peripheral edema Impaired renal function
Delirium
Acute
Reversible
Dementia
Gradual
Permanent
Alcohol dependence
Needing to drink
Alcohol abuse
Drinking too much
Tolerance
A persons physiological reaction I alcohol decreases with administration of the same dose
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
Anxiety Insomnia Anorexia Delirium Autonomic hyperactivity Sensory disturbances Perpetual disturbances Fluctuating levels of consciousness
Conversion disorder
Presence of deficits in voluntary motor or sensory functions
Fugue
An altered sate o consciousness involving both memory loss and travel away from home or from ones usual work locale
Hypochondriasis
Misinterpretation of physical sensation
Somatization disorder
A person chronically and persistently complains of multiple physical problems that have no physical origin and interfere with day-to-day functioning
Pain disorder
Diagnostic testing rules out organic cause, discomfort leads to impairment
Body dysmorphic disorder
Preoccupation with an imagined defective body part
Factitous disorder
Consciously pretend to be ill I get emotional met and attain status of “patient”
Crisis intervention
A short term therapeutic process that focuses on the rapid resolution of an immediate crisis or emergency
Schizophrenic medication problems
Dry mouth Urinary retention Constipation Blurred vision Photo sensitivity Dry eyes Inhibition of ejaculation Anticholinergic toxicity Akathisia Tachycardia
Incidence
Number of new cases
Prevalence
Total number of cases, existing a new, in a given population during a specific period of time
Typical antipsychotics
Pinkish/brown urine
3-6 weeks full therapy to effects
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Muscle rigidity Sudden high fever AMS Renal failure Coma
Agranulocytosis
Large amount of WBC
Blood draws
Kava kava
Increases the sedative effects of anxiolytics
SNDIs
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Disinhibitors
Increase norepinephrine and serotonin transmission
Lithium
Mood stabilizer
Toxicity level 0.5-1.5
PTSD
3months
Acute
Usually resolves in a week
GAD
Last 6months
PET Scans
Shows altered globose metabolism
Schizophrenia
Depression
Compensation
Used to make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up shortcomings related to these deficiencies to protect the conscious mind from recognizing them
Conversion
Unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause. Often the symptom functions to gain attention or as an excuse
Denial
Involves escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring their existence
Displacement
Transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another non threatening person, object, or situation
Dissociation
Disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment
Identification
Attributing to oneself the characteristics o another person or group
Intellectualization
Process in which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the process
Introjection
Process by which the outside world is incorporated or absorbed into a person’s view of the self
