Unit 1: Psychology's History and Approaches Flashcards
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.
Structuralism
Early school of thought that promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
Functionalism
Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function–how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Experimental Psychology
The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
Behaviorism
The view that psychology:
1) Should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with 1) but not with 2).
Humanistic Psychology
A historical significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people.
Cognitive Neuroscience
The interdisciplinary study f the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes.
Nature-Nurture Issue
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees that traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of them.
Natural Selection
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Levels of Analysis
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
Biopsychological Approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
Behavioral Psychology
The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning.
Biological Psychology
The scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes.
Cognitive Psychology
The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Evolutionary Psychology
The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection.
Psychodynamic Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.
Social-Cultural Psychology
The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.