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Learning & Training Development > Unit 1: Prepare Learning and Development Plan > Flashcards

Unit 1: Prepare Learning and Development Plan Flashcards

1
Q

Learning and development trends

A

It is a period of major industrialisation and innovation that began in Great Britain which quickly spread to other part of the world.

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2
Q

OUTLINE THE EVOLUTION OF TRAINING DEVELOPMENT FROM FIRST INDUSTRIAL

A

Mechanical devices and machines were invented to make lives better and easier in the early 18th century. These production facilities led to Industry 1.0 which started at the end of the 18th
century.

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3
Q

Industrial Revolution (Industry 1.0)

A

The time where agricultural age was transformed into industrial age where individual agricultural who were used to take care of their own needs grew into organisation.

  • Marked the beginning of the textile industry.

The biggest changes in Industry 1.0 was the great progress in the manufacturing industries that began the cycle of mechanisation.

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4
Q

Industrial Revolution (Industry 2.0)

A

As the era of mechanisation continued to grow in Industry 1.0, the discovery that electricity
could be produced mechanically led to the transition of Industry 1.0 to Industry 2.0.

  • Industry 2.0 began with electrification cycle where is became a primary source of energy.
  • The creation of internal combustion engine and turbines
  • Marked the era of mass production.
  • First Electricity powered assembly line that was built in 1870.
  • Other developments such as telegraph, telephone, automobile and plane.
  • Cost efficient compared to the use of water and steam.
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5
Q

Industrial revolution
(Industry 3.0)

A

This is the era of production automation when an increasing use of electronics in industrial processes and commerce. Computer-programmed electronic devices replaced the electric based production machines.

  • Two major inventions such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and robots.
  • The development of optical fiber technology that increased the efficiency of telecommunication system.
  • It opened the doors to space expeditions, research and biotechnology.
  • Space satellites were used in communication acting as an alternative to the land-based or undersea cable which performed slower in terms of data transmission.
  • Robotics start to develop and automate manufacturing processes of companies.
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6
Q

Industrial Revolution
(Industry 4.0)

A

Industry 4.0 started in the dawn of the third industry revolution with the development of the internet.

  • Internet of Things (IOT) was created for various
    parties to share information, analyses it uses to guide intelligent actions.
  • Big Data Environment that emphasises on the importance of achieving self-aware and self-learning techniques.
  • It featured real-time responsiveness which replaced Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
  • Machines and robotics will be controlled by the automation systems equipped with machine
    learning algorithm.
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7
Q

What are the 3Rs in Education 1.0?

A
  • Receiving
  • Responding
  • Regurgitating
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8
Q

Define Education 1.0

A

Students learn passively by receiving the knowledge and information transferred by the teachers. There is little room for students to develop their creativity as they are expected to do only what the teachers instructed them to do.

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9
Q

What are the 4Cs in Education 2.0?

A
  • Communicating
  • Contributing
  • Collaborating
  • Co-Creating
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10
Q

Define Education 2.0

A

A constructivist approach believed that students learn best by gaining real world experience, hence education 2.0 focused on interaction between users and the activities.

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11
Q

What are the 3Cs in Education 3.0?

A
  • Connecting
  • Collectives
  • Curating
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12
Q

Define Education 3.0

A

A technblogy platform is created and the role of the teacher is changed to the facilitators. Education 3.0 is focused on learning by connecting individuals who are interested in sharing their knowledge to co-create new knowledge.

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13
Q

What is the Approach to Education 3.0?

A

Connectivist

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14
Q

Define Education 4.0

A

Education 4.0 is known as innovation producing education because students act as the creator of own path in learning process. Students are responsible for defining their own education path which leads to the concept of personalised learning.

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15
Q

What are the 4 basic terms used in Training and Development?

A
  • Learning
  • Education
  • Training
  • Development
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16
Q

Define learning

A

Learning is the act of acquiring knowledge or skills through study or experience.

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17
Q

Define Education

A

Education is the acquisition of knowledge through a process of receiving or giving systematic instruction under the guidance of instructors and teachers in a classroom environment.

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18
Q

Define Training

A

Training is the process for providing required skills to the employee for doing the job effectively, skillfully and qualitatively.

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19
Q

Define Development in HRM

A

Development in HRM is defined as a process where the employee with the support of his/her employer undergoes various training programs to enhance his/her skills and acquire new skills.

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20
Q

Explain employee development

A

Employee development is the number one factor for employee retention in today’s work environment. Employee development can be achieved through providing education and training to employees and investment in employee learning and development directly impact employee engagement and productivity, improving overall business success metrics.

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21
Q

What is the difference between Training and Education

A

Training is the process of providing the skills and knowledge that are needed to perform the present tasks in order to improve employee competency and organisational performance.

Education is learning the theory and acquiring knowledge about the subject matter in an academic setting.

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22
Q

What does Education aim for?

A

Education aims to provide students with a broad range of problem solving abilities in broad-based, theoretical and usually formal and structured, e.g School.

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23
Q

What are the real skills acquisition involved in Training?

A
  • Showing
  • Doing
  • Correcting
  • Practicing

(Extras) In short, Training allow students to spend large amounts of time to acquire skills through practice and “learn by doing”.

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24
Q

What are the Technological Advancements in Singapore?

A

Digital Revolution
- Artificial Intelligence
- Big Data
- Digital Analytics
- Virtual Reality
- Robotics
- 3-D Printing

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25
Q

What are the disadvantages of Technological Advancements in Singapore?

A

Technological Advancements in Singapore threatens to disrupt work life and displace many of the existing jobs and workers.

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26
Q

What are two changing demographics in Singapore?

A
  • Super Aging Nation
  • Millennial Generation
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27
Q

What does Super Aging Nation meant for Singapore?

A

This meant that the local workforce will have to depend on mature workers to drive the economy even as retirement and re-employment ages are pushed back.

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28
Q

Briefly explain millennial generation in the workforce.

A

The millennial generation born between 1980 to 2000 are entering the workforce in significant numbers and they will shape the world of work for years to come.

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29
Q

Briefly explain Career Development and Career Security.

A

Career security and Career development will replace job security as the ultimate goal of the ordinary worker. In a new world order where knowledge and skills could get outdated quickly, the hot jobs of today could be easily replaced by hot jobs of the future.

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30
Q

Explain the method of Conventional Approaches to learning.

A

This method of teaching focuses mostly on lecture. It is more textbook based, teacher dominant and exam-oriented. The emphasis in this method is remembering and reproducing facts, principles and theories of learning.

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31
Q

What are the ‘4’ 21st Century learning paradigm?

A
  • Integrate education and training
  • Learn for skills and life, not just grades
  • Modular, bite size, Just-in-time Learning
  • Blended learning
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32
Q

Explain “Intergrate Education and Training”

A

Intergrated education and training blend the academic and practical in a more concerted fashion. Students learn directly from industry practitioners through seminars, projects, extended work stints and competitors to enable them to examine and solve real problems.

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33
Q

State three major shifts in mindset regarding “Learn for skills, and life, not just grades”.

A
  • Go beyond learning for grades to learning for mastery of skills.
  • Develop a habit for lifelong learning so as to be equipped for changing economic realities.
  • Move from learning for work to learning for life.
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34
Q

Explain Modular, Bite-size and Just-In-Time-Learning.

A

Modular and bite sized learning allow a new generation of lifelong learners to accumulate credit units to attain higher qualifications. Just-in-time training allows employees to access the latest information and skills needed to solve problems of the day.

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35
Q

Briefly explain Blended learning.

A

Blended learning is a disruptive innovation in education and training where it forms by mixing methods used in the real or virtual classroom.

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36
Q

What is the difference between Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning?

A

Artificial intelligence is a science like mathematics or biology, It studies ways to build intelligent programs and machines that can creatively solve problems. AI described an attempt to model how the human brain works and with this knowledge, creates more advanced computers.

Machine Learning is subset of artificial intelligence that provide systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicity programmed. Machine learning focuses on teaching computers how to learn without the need to be programmed for specific tasks.

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37
Q

What is the impact of Artificial intelligence on Human Learning?

A

The adoption of artificial intelligence technology designed for education are helping humans to learn better and achieve their learning objectives. Learners has to be very clear that AI is used for predictive and bot prescriptive measure. AI is used to help user to analyse data and make prediction. The teacher depends on the machines to provide an insights on when to make adjustments to lesson plans and teaching materials.

38
Q

What is the positive impact of Artificial intelligence?

A
  • AI has enabled teachers to make lesson plans and teaching materials to become more customisable and adaptable.
  • Students who are not able to attend school due to illness or physical location can now learn independently with the help of customisable tutoring and studying support application.
  • Software is now able to provide a catered experience that matches the level, comfort, and emotional state of the students.
  • AI have made language translation applications possible in text and voice which enables students to understand text that is written or recorded in a different language.
39
Q

What is the negative impact of Artificial Intelligence?

A
  • The cost of installation and maintainance the AI machine is expensive and hence will increased the cost of providing education.
  • As students rely more on machines to make everyday tasks more efficient, the risk of technology addition increases.
  • While smart machines improve the education experience, they should not be considered a subsitite for personal interaction.
40
Q

What benefits organisations/employers from Employee Training?

A
  • To plug skills gap and tackle shortcomings
  • To optimise use of human resources and increase productivity
  • To contribute to organisational success and business competitiveness
  • To improve employer branding as Employer of Choice
  • To increase employee satisfaction
  • To complement talent management and succession planning
41
Q

How does an organisation plug skills gap and tackle shortcomings?

A

Training and re-training can help an organisation to meet manpower needs to bring about value creation as singapore moves from a manufacturing to a highly skilled, information based, digital economy.

42
Q

What makes an organisation an Employee of Choice?

A

Investing in employee training that enchances the company’s branding such as;

  • A good place to work.
  • A company that offers its employees to grow and meet their individual goals and aspirations.
  • A company that nurtures and values its employees
43
Q

What can organisations do to increase employee satisfaction?

A

Investing in employee training can be an effective staff engagement strategy to demonstrate how much an organisation values its employees.

44
Q

Briefly explain Talent management and succession planning.

A

Training & development forms a critical part of talent management and succession planning as talented staff are systemically trained and given higher roles and responsibilities.

45
Q

What are five employee benefits from attending training?

A
  • Skills upgrading and future proofing.
    Increased capacity to adopt new technology and methods.
  • Improved performance and higher productivity.
  • Increased job satisfaction and higher morale.
  • Improved personal safety and reduced deficiencies.
46
Q

What is Talent management?

A

Talent management is the process that involves attracting and retaining high-quality employee, developing their skills, and continously motivating them to improve their performance.

47
Q

What is the primary purpose of talent management?

A

The primary purpose of talent management is to create a motivated workforce who will stay with the company in the long run.

48
Q

What is Organisational learning?

A

Organisational learning is the process by which an organisation improves itself over time through gaining experience and using that experience to create knowledge.

49
Q

Why is Organisational learning important?

A

Organisational learning is important to companies as the creation, retention and transfer of knowledge within the organisation will strengthen the organisation as a whole.

50
Q

What are the five areas that organisations can reap positive return?

A
  • Decrease onboarding time
  • Increase customer satisfaction
  • Boost sales revenue
  • Improve employee retention rates
  • Increase employees engagement
51
Q

List 3 ways on how an organisation can attract and retain talent.

A
  • Attract talents with learning programs.
  • Retain talents with learning programs.
  • Theory and technique to attract and retain talent.
52
Q

List 5 disciplines of the learning organisations.

A
  • Building a shared vision
  • Systems Thinking
  • Mental Models
  • Team Learning
  • Personal mastery
53
Q

Explain Systems Thinking.

A

Systemic thinking is the conceptual cornerstone of Learning Organisational. People tend to focus on the parts rather than seeing the whole, and to fail to see an organisation as dynamic process. People look to actions that produce improvements in a relatively short time span. Short-term improvements often involve very significant long-term costs. The system viewpoint is generally oriented toward the long-term view.

54
Q

Define Mental Models.

A

Mental Models are deeply ingrained assumptions, generalisations, or even pictures and images that influence how we understand the world and how we take action.

55
Q

Define Team Learning.

A

Team learning is viewed as the process of aligning and developing the capacities of a team to create the results its members truly desire.

56
Q

Define Personal mastery.

A

Personal mastery is the discipline of continually clarifying and deepening our personal vision.

57
Q

List the 4 benefits of learning culture.

A
  • Increase efficiency, productivity and profits.
  • Increase employee satisfaction and decreased turnover.
  • Ease in succession/transition planning.
  • Enchanced ability for workers to adapt to change.
58
Q

List and Explain the five key steps in creating a learning culture in the workplace.

A
  • Formalise training and development plans
    For a learning culture to be ingrained, it should be mandatory for all individuals in the organisation. Training and development plans that are not formalised run the risk of not being taken seriously and as a result, not implemented.
  • Give recognition to learning
    Employees who have successfully learned a new skills and abilities should be recognised and encourage others to follow suit.
  • Get feedback Sessions and polls should regularly be done to evaluate the benefits of training and development, as well as to determine whether the training investment is well spent.
  • Promote from within Announce an internal job posting to encourage employees to gain knowledge.
  • Develop knowledge and information sharing into a formal process.
    People will be more encouraged to share knowledge and information if they are required to do so. Formalizing the process makes sure that everyone who needs the information gets it.
59
Q

What are some generic traits and preferences that are associated with the millennials?

A
  • They have a shorter attention span.
  • They prefer interactive, experiential and collaborative learning
  • They are very comfortable with technology
  • They multitask
  • They are driven by instant gratification
  • They like informal and stimulating environments
60
Q

Define Collaborative Learning.

A

Collaborative learning is the education approach of using groups to enhance learning through working together. It enables people to connect and collaborate anywhere at any time.

61
Q

What are the tips for designing a collaborative learning program?

A
  • Set the context
  • Assign roles
  • Develop a sense of community and shared purpose
  • Organize discussion topics and various collaborative activities.
  • Provide feedback and reward learners.
62
Q

Why is strengths finder / clifton strengths Assessments created?

A

It was developed as an objective measure of personal talent that could be administered online in less than one hour.

63
Q

Which areas does Strengths finder / clifton strengths assessments helps on?

A

It helps to identify areas where a person or a team have the greatest potential for building strength. It also helps to build strong people, strong teams and strong culture.

64
Q

Define RIASEC Career test

A

It known as holland code, holland occupational themes is a theory of personality that focuses on career and vocational choice.

65
Q

What are the Six personality type in RIASEC?

A
  • Realistic
  • Investigative
  • Artistic
  • Social
  • Enterprising
  • Conventional
66
Q

What type of personalities that realistic people associated themselves with?

A
  • Likes to work with animals, tools, or machines.
  • Avoids social activities like teaching, healing and informing others.
  • Has good skills working with tools, mechanical or electrical drawings, machines, or plants and animals.
  • Values practical things that they can see, touch, and use like plants and animals, tools, equipment, or machines.
  • Sees self as practical, mechanical, and realistic.
67
Q

What type of personalities that Social people associated themselves with?

A
  • Likes to do things to help people like teaching, nursing or giving first aid.
  • Avoids using machines and tools, or animals to acheive a goal.
  • Values helping people and solving social problems.
  • Sees self as helpful, friendly and trustworthy.
68
Q

What type of personalities that Artistic people associated themselves with?

A
  • Likes to do creative activities like art, drama, crafts, dance, music or creative writing.
  • Avoids highly ordered or repetitive activities
  • Has good artistic abilities in creative writing, drama, crafts, music or art.
  • Values creative arts like drama, music, art, or the works of creative writers.
69
Q

What type of personalities that Investigative people associated themselves with?

A
  • Likes to study and solve math or science problems.
  • Avoids leading, selling or persuading people.
  • Is good at understanding and solving science and math problems.
  • Values science.
  • See self as precise, scientific and intellectual.
70
Q

What type of personalities that Enterprising people associated themselves with.

A
  • Likes to lead and persuade people and to sell things and ideas.
  • Avoids activities that require careful observation and scientific, analytical thinking.
  • Is good at leading people and selling things or ideas.
  • Values success in politics, leadership, or business.
  • Sees self as energetic, ambitious, and sociable.
71
Q

What type of personalities that Conventional people associated themselves with.

A
  • Likes to work with numbers, records or machines in a set, orderly way.
  • Avoids ambiguous unstructured activities.
    values success in business.
  • Sees self as orderly, and good at following a set plan.
72
Q

What is booth’s 360 leadership Emotional intelligence?

A

The 360 leadership EQ survey provides feedback on leadership competencies and emotional intelligence.

73
Q

What is Howard gardner’s Multi intelligence?

A

Howard garner’s theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have.

74
Q

What are the Eight distinct styles of learning?

A
  • Logical/Mathematical intelligence
  • Linguistic Intelligence
  • Musical Intelligence
  • Spatial Intelligence
  • Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence
  • Naturalist Intelligence
  • Interpersonal Intelligence
  • Intrapersonal Intelligence
75
Q

How do Mathematical intelligence people learn?

A

They have an ability to develop equations and proofs, make calculations, and solve abstract problems.

76
Q

How do Linguistic Intelligence people learn?

A

People with linguistic Intelligence have an ability to analyse information and create products involving oral and written language such as speeches, books, and memos.

77
Q

How do Musical Intelligence people learn?

A

People with musical intelligence have an ability to recognise and create musical pitch, rhythm, timbre, and tone.

78
Q

How do Spatial Intelligence people learn?

A

People with spatial intelligence have an ability to recognise and manipulate large-scale and fine-grained spatial images.

79
Q

How do bodily kinesthetic intelligence people learn?

A

People with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence have an ability to use one’s own body to create products, perform skills, or solve problems through mind-body union.

80
Q

How do Naturalist intelligence people learn?

A

People with naturalistic intelligence have an ability to identify and distinguish among different types of plants, animals, and weather formations that are found in the natural world.

81
Q

How do Interpersonal intelligence people learn?

A

People with interpersonal intelligence have an ability to recognise and understand other people’s mood, desires, motivations and intentions.

82
Q

How do Intrapersonal intelligence people learn?

A

People with intrapersonal intelligence have an ability to recognise and understand his or her own moods, desires, motivations and intentions.

83
Q

How does David kolb’s Experiential learning theory works?

A

Kolb’s experiential learning works on two levels. A four-stage of learning and four separate learning styles. It involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in a range of situations.

84
Q

What are the 4 stages of learning cycle?

A

Stage 1: Having a concrete experience followed by.
Stage 2: Observation of and reflection on that experience which leads to.
Stage 3: The formation of abstract concepts and generalisations which are then.
Stage 4: Used to test a hypothesis in future situations, resulting in new experiences.

85
Q

What are the 4 separate learning styles?

A
  • Accommodating
  • Diverging
  • Converging
  • Assimilating
86
Q

Define David ausubel’s assimilation theory.

A

It states that learning occurs through a development of new cognitive structures that will hold information. Cognitive structure is define as the individual’s organisations, stability, and clarity of knowledge in a particular subject matter field at any given time.

87
Q

What is meaningful learning?

A

Meaningful learning is learning that is well anchored and integrated in the cognitive structure.

Meaningful learning will not occur unless;
1) New ideas are presented in a clear way that enables their relating with other ideas.
2) Learner already possesses those other ideas he can relate the new ones with.
3) Learner actually makes an conscious attempt to do so.

88
Q

What is Rote Learning?

A

Rote learning on the other hand represent knowledge that remains unrelated and unanchored to existing concepts and is therefore easily forgotten.

89
Q

What is the 70:20:10 Model for learning & Development?

A

70:20:10 is a learning and development theory use by organisations to shift their focus from training to performance so they can provide their workforce with a more holistic approach to learning.

90
Q

State the 70 20 10 model.

A
  • 70% of their knowledge from job-related experiences.
  • 20% from interactions with others.
  • 10% from learning events.

Learning & Training Development (5 decks)

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