Unit 1 Photosynthesis, process of respiration (aerobic and anerobic) DNA synthesis, replication, Protein synthesis,

Question 1

explain the two steps of photosynthesis

Answer 1

Lignt dependent reaction:
take in water, light energy to form chemical bond energy. As product it gives ATP and NAPDH + some oxygen as a by product.

Light independent reaction:
Use that chemical bond energy to bind together C02 and H to form sugar molecules.

Question 2

Process of respiration (aerobic)

Answer 2

First you have glycolosis: you break down sugar molecules which gives you 2 ATP, 2 NADH and Pyruvic acid.

step 2 Kreb’s cycle: Pyruvic acid and NADH enters the mitochondria and goes into Kreb’s cycle and as a result, you get NADH and FADH

step 3 electron transport chain: Oxygen comes in handy, because it will take away the hydrogen from NADH and FADH to get 36 ATP and as a by product : water H20

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

alternate versions of genes

Question 4

genotype:

Answer 4

genetic make up of organism

Question 5

Protein synthesis (transcription)

Answer 5

happens in the nucleus. makes copy of DNA with mRNA (then goes out of nucleus).

Inititation: RNA polymerase binds to promoter region on the template strand. and starts to unwind the DNA apart.

Elongation: RNA polymerase moves on template strands and creates mRNA transcript one base at the time. (5’ to 3’ copy.)

Question 6

Protein synthesis (translation)

Answer 6

this happens outside the nucleus. It means it translates the mRNA transcript into a chain of amino acids (protein).

Question 7

what is the first codon on the mRNA transcript?

Answer 7

AUG

Question 8

tRNA comes on the mRNA transcript to do what

Answer 8

they carry anti codon that reads the codons and they have a amino acid attached to them.