Unit 1

Question 1

What is science is short terms

Answer 1

You are studying the natural and physical world through observation and experimentation.

Question 2

What does science want

Answer 2

• achieve a complete understanding of the physical world.
• seek out counterexamples and findings that are inconsistent with the accepted theories.

In fact, observations and experimentation that goes against the accepted theories leads to more research.

lastly, everything that has been observed and experimented can be refuted.

Question 3

Pseudoscience (bullshit science)

Answer 3

based on beliefs, cultural and commercial goals.

the research being done is more to justify the current beliefs rather than extending it.

a challenge to current belief can leads conflict.

Promoted by egos and personalities.

+ explanation are vague.

Question 4

Name the four principal polymers

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Nucleic acid

Proteins

Lipids

Question 5

The Polymers are mainly… (3 molecules)

Answer 5

Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 6

3 common monosaccharides

Answer 6

Fructose, Glucose, Galactose

Question 7

the structural isomer means

Answer 7

two or more organic compounds have the same formula, same parts but bonded on a different location

Question 8

the stereo isomer means

Answer 8

same formula, parts but different orientation

Question 9

3 common disaccharides

Answer 9

Maltose: glucose + glucose

Sucrose: glucose + fructose

Lactose: glucose + galactose

Question 10

4 common polysaccharides

Answer 10

starch (found in plants)

glycogen

cellulose

chitin

Question 11

what does the body uses to unlock the disaccharides

Answer 11

enzymes like lactase

Question 12

which polysaccharides can’t humans digest?

Answer 12

Cellulose and chitin

Question 13

different functions for a protein

Answer 13

Protection, hormones, storage, transport, catalyst, stucture, muscle

Question 14

What is linking the a.a together and how

Answer 14

the peptide bonds and by condensation

Question 15

what is denaturation?

Answer 15

changing the shape of the protein caused by heat, acidity or salinity.

Question 16

4 levels of protein stucture.

Answer 16

Primary structure: sequence chain of a.a

Secondary: starts to fold into alpha helix nd beta sheets

Tertiary: 3D folding pattern

Quartenary: multiple subunits of proteins packed together.

Question 17

3 places where we can find structural proteins

Answer 17

hair, collagen muscle

Question 18

5 nucleotides bases

Answer 18

adenine, thymine, cytosin, guanine, uracil.

Question 19

three versions of RNA

Answer 19

Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA

Question 20

7 properties of life

Answer 20

1) Order
2) use / transformation of energy
3) responds to external stimuli
4) to maintain homeostasis
5) Shows pattern of growth and development
6) Reproduction
7) Adapt evolve.

Question 21

Prions are…

Answer 21

type of protein that causes disease by changing the shape of proteins.

Question 22

3 mains points of the cell theory

Answer 22

1) all living things are composed of cell
2) cells are basics units of structure and function
3) all cells is from other cells.

Question 23

Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells

Answer 23

in prokaryote cells has no organelles and nucleus

Question 24

what are the cholesterol for in the bilayer of the cell membrane

Answer 24

keeps the cell membrane semi-fluid (preventin from rigidity.

Question 25

what are glyco-protein and - lipid

Answer 25

protein with carbs attached

lipids with carbs attached

Question 26

what is a hypotonic solution compared to a hypertonic solution

Answer 26

it is a low solute(salt for example) concentration.

the hypertonic solution is a high solute concentration.

note that the hypotonic (water) is always trying to go the hypertonic

Question 27

3 zones of the nucleus

Answer 27

1- nuclear envelope (fold on itself, made of phospholipid bilayer)
2-chromatine (uncoiled DNA)
3-nucleolus (where the ribosomes are formed)

Question 28

what are the cytoskeletons made of?

Answer 28

microtubules, microfilament (actin filament) and intermediate filament.

Question 29

function of the smooth ER

Answer 29

Produce lipid and detox

Question 30

functions of the rough ER

Answer 30

produce protein

Question 31

functions of the golgi body

Answer 31

collecting lipid and protein, shipping and modifying them

Question 32

what is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 32

the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote)

Question 33

organelles that the plant cells have in common with the animal cells

Answer 33

• both have nucleus, smooth/rough ER, mitochondria, lysosomes

Question 34

differences between plant cells and animal cells.

Answer 34

animal cells have centrioles but not plant cells

plant cells have a cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast.

Question 35

the cell wall is made of…

Answer 35

cellulose

Question 36

the chloroplasts have

Answer 36

thylakoid discs and allow photosynthesis

Question 37

turgor pressure is…

Answer 37

Pressure exerted by fluid (water) in a cell that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall

Question 38

5 nucleotide bases

Answer 38

adenine, thymine, cytosin, guanine, uracil

Question 39

Light dependent reaction

Answer 39

take in water and capture light capture to produce chemical bond energy (ATP & NAPDH and also oxygen as a by product.

Question 40

light independent reaction

Answer 40

use the chemical bond energy to bind the C)2 and the H to form suger molecule.