unit 1 philo Flashcards
it is the awareness of and ability to understand one’s own actions
self-understanding
study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries
philosophy
inquiry into the fundamental nature of the self
philosophical perspective
earliest thinkers
greek
socrates’ philosophical view about the self
- human choice was motivated by the desire for happiness
- know thyself
- to understand the world around us, we must first understand ourselves
Philosophy peeps
Socrates, Plato, St. Augustine, Rene Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Sigmund Freud, Gilbert Ryle, Paul Churchland, Maurice Merleu-Ponty
Sociology peeps
George Herbert Mead
Anthropology peeps
Karl Marx, Claude Levi-Strauss, Joseph Campbell, Dorrine Kondo, Thomas Csordas
Psych peeps
William James
plato’s philo view about the self
- the soul is immortal
- the soul exist before birth and after death
- immaterial and material body (dualist idea)
- tripartite structure of the soul (rational, spiritual, appetitive)
st. augustine philo view about the self
- more on biblical and religious
- knowledge of our true self entails knowledge of our divine origin
- to transcend to heaven
rene descartes’ philo view about the self
- if he is capable of doubting then he must exist.
- i think therefore i am (cogito ergo sum)
- substance (something that is capable of existing independently of all things
john locke philo view abt the self
- empty mind or tabula rasa
- personal identity is not in the brain but in consciousness
david hume’s philo view abt the self
one are only active when one is conscious
- personality is a machine that may be turned on and off.
immanuel kant’s philo view about the self
- physics as a body of universal truth
- used inner sense to defend the heterogeneity of body and soul
- bodies are objects of outer sense; souls are objects of inner sense
sigmund freud’s philo view about the self
human pscyhe (personality) has more than one aspect. it is structured into three parts: id, ego, and superego. these are systems not parts of the brain.
id (pleasure principle)
primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories
superego (moral principle)
operates as moral conscience
ego (reality principle)
- realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the superego.
- decision making component of personality.
two systems of superego
conscience and ideal self
gilbert ryle’s philo view about the self
- after the death of the body, our minds may continue to exist and function.
- minds are not in space and its career is private and not accessible to other people.
paul churchland’s philo view abt the self
mental states = brain states is a flawed way in which to conceptualize the relationship between the mind and brain.
we need to develop a new neuroscience-based vocabulary that talks about the mind, consciousness, and human experience. and it is called ELIMINATIVE MATERIALISM
maurice merleu-ponty’s philo view abt the self
- i live in my body
- an entity can never be objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way.
rational soul
located in the head and enables the human person to think, reflect, analyze, and do other cognitive functions.
