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APES > unit 1 part 2 (1.1.4 - 1.1.7 > Flashcards

unit 1 part 2 (1.1.4 - 1.1.7 Flashcards

1
Q

Name some carbon sinks

A

Oceans, plants, soils, atmospher

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2
Q

Name some carbon sources

A

fossil fuel combustion, animal ag., deforestation

animal ag= cow farts, burps, etc

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3
Q

what are some fossil fuels

A

coal, oil, nat. gas

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4
Q

Describe photosynthesis

A

removes CO2 from atm and converts it into C6H12O6; considered a carbon sink

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5
Q

Describe cellular respiration

A

release of stored energy by plants and animals; uses O2 to break down and release energy; releases CO2 into atm, so would be considered carbon source

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6
Q

Which processes work very quickly and cycle carbon between biosphere and atm in balanced amt?

A

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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7
Q

What is burial

A

slow, geological process that stores C in underground sinks like sedimentary rock or fossil fuels

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8
Q

how are fossil fuels formed

A

from fossilized remains of organic matter turning to coal, oil, natural gas

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9
Q

which takes longer: burial or extraction and combustion?

A

burial (formation of FFs) takes longer; extraction and combustion are thus said to release CO2

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10
Q

As compared to the C cycle, the N reservoirs….

A

hold N for relatively short period of time

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11
Q

What is the main N reservoir

A

Atmosphere since N exists mostly as gas

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12
Q

why is nitrogen a critical plant and animal nutrient?

A

it is needed for DNA and amino acids for protein

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13
Q

What is nitrogen fixation

A

Process of N2 gas being converted into biologically available ammonia or nitrate

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14
Q

synthetic vs bacterial fixation (nitrogen fixation section)

A

synth=done by humans; combust fossil fuels to gas convert to nitrate
bacterial=bacteria in soil convert to ammonia

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15
Q

Define assimilation

A

plants & animals taking N in and incorporating it into their body

Plant roots take in NO3- or NH3 from soil; animals assimilate N by eating plants or other animals

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16
Q

Ammonification

A

soil bacteria, microbes & decomposers converting waste & dead biomass back into NH3 and returning it to soil

17
Q

Nitrification

A

conversion of ammonium (NH4) into nitrite(NO2) and then into nitrate(N03) by soil bacteria

18
Q

Denitrification

A

Conversion of soil Nitrogen (nitrate,NO3) into nitrous oxide gas, which returns to the atm.

19
Q

describe leaching and eutrophication

A

leaching: synth. fertilizer is carried out of soil by water
eutrophication: nutrients become highly concentrated in body of water; basically excess nutrients

20
Q

T or F: compared to hyrdologic, nitrogen, and carbon cycle, the phosphorous cycle is fast

A

False; it is actually v. slow in comparison

long time for P to weather out of rocks & carry into soil/bodies water

21
Q

Why is phosphorous a limiting nutrient

A

bc it cycles so slowly and plant growth is often limited as a result

22
Q

Why is phosphorous needed by all organisms?

A

For DNA, ATP(energy), and bone/tooth enamel in some mammals

23
Q

Is there a gas phase for phosphorous?

A

no!

24
Q

What is a major natural Phosphorous source

A

weathering of rocks that contain P minerals

weathering is so slow that P is a limiting nutrient

25
Q

Synthetic source of Phosphorous

A

mining phosphate minerals & adding to products like synthetic fertilizers & detergents/cleaners

26
Q

Assimilation & excretion/decomp form a ___ within P cycle just like assimilation & ammonification in N Cycle, photosynth & resp. in C cycle

A

mini loop

27
Q

What happens because phosphate doesnt dissolve well in water?

A

sedimentation

28
Q

What is geological uplift

A

tectonic plate collision forcing up rock layers that form mountains; allows P cycle to start over bc rock can now weather and release phosphate

29
Q

What is key to the hydrologic cycle

A

State of matter (solid/liquid/gas) as well as where water is moving are key in H2O cycle

30
Q

What drives the H20 cycle

A

energy from sun

31
Q

What is evapotranspiration?

A

amount of H2O that enters atm. from transpiration & evap. combined

32
Q

what are the most important freshwater reservoirs for humans and animals?

A

Aquifers and surface waters (i.e lakes/rivers)

33
Q

What part of plants allows for evap?

A

Leaf openings called stomata open, allowing water to evap. into atm. from leaf

34
Q

What condition must be met for precipitation to recharge groundwater?

A

Ground must be permeable for precip. to recharge through infiltration

APES (3 decks)

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