Unit 1 P&Ts Flashcards
Pogroms
Black Plague gave rise to using Jews as scapegoats and massacring them. Believed that the Jews caused black death by poisoning town wells and must be exterminated. Exterminated many Jewish communities and made the flee to Poland
Gabelle
Philip VI needed money to pay for the war with England. He used a tax on salts as a form of revenue on the peasantry and middle class
Taille
After the 100 years war, France and England were both in debt. The French King imposed a hearth tax that weighed on the peasants and middle class
Avignon Papacy
Started when clement V was influenced by French Kinds to move to Avignon. Churches prestige was declining due to movement and influence of the french kings. They made decisions that were in favor of France (french cardinals and popes)
Conciliar movement
stated that a general council could end the schism. Resulted in calling the council of Pisa and electing Alexander V, Creating 3 different popes until all 3 resigned or were deposed
Mysticism
people wanted to be one with God and this movement spread and turned into Modern Devotion. Lay people beca to live lives similar to monastic lives and established schools
Renaissance
the modern world was birthed in this time period. Revival of antiquity, the individual, and secularism to modernize society
Lúomo universale
created by a high regard for human dignity and worth, creating a well-rounded personality. Created the popular social ideal and became an important characteristic of the Italian Renaissance
Hanseatic League
Held commercial preeminence over the Italians and held monopolies over various areas of trade. Unified northern Europ and gained importance over Italian trade
Medici Family
Contributed to many areas of economics and had the greatest bank in Europe. Controlled industrial enterprises and were bankers for the papacy. Enabled Florence to regain preeminence in banking
Isabelle d’Este
as a ruler of Mantua on a temporary basis, she encouraged education and built an important library. Cultivated art and learning in the Renaissance
Peach of Lodi
Ended a war and created a peace/alliance system. Created an attempt at keeping the balance of power between states
Secularism
people being interested in this world, not the next (not as concerned with religion). Noticeable in intellectual and artistic realms
Civic Humanism
Intellectuals decided to not live a life of solitude. Made the studies of humanities be put to the service of the state
Johannas Gutenberg
Played a main role in completing the printing press, and had the first true book. Development of printing press cultivated education and spreading of ideas
war of the roses
civil war in england after the 100 years war, not helping the financial situation. Gave rise to the Tudor dynasty of England and the New Monarchy
Court of the Star Chamber
a tool used by Henry VII of England to control the nobles by torture. Significance: allowed to English monarch to maintain power without war
Bartholomew Diaz
Portuguese explorer that tried to reach india in search of gold and spices. Sailed to cape of good hope
Vasco de Gama
Brought Portuguese to India successfully looking for Christians and spices. Started the Portuguese monopoly on spices and harm to Muslims
Treaty of Tordesillas
Divided the “new world” into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. Forced Portuguese to explore East and Spain to explore west
Triangular Trade
connected europe, Africa, and the American continents by means of trade: manufactured goods, slaves, and supplies
Price Revolution
set off by mines which held gold and silver, which were valuable and exported to european economy. Inflation and rise of prices
Joint Stock Company
Allowed individuals to invest in stock, allowing company to explore and possibly making money. Made it easier to raise money for world trading ventures
Mercantilism
Use colonies to achieve a favorable balance of trade (more exports than imports). Needed colonies for materials and markets. Was most commercial reason that colonies were stationed
