UNIT 1: Neurorehabilitation Flashcards
Aphasia
Aphasia
Difficulty speaking (expressive aphasia) or understanding what is said (receptive
aphasia) or a combination of the two
Apraxia
The inability to control and co-ordinate movements or carry out complex tasks. It
can make everyday activities harder because the person may not be able to do the
things they need to do in the right orde
Aspiration
Aspiration can occur when someone has difficulty swallowing after a stroke. Food or
fluid can enter the lungs through the windpipe, which can cause pneumonia or a lung
infection.
Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA)
Another term for a stroke
Drop foot
A problem with walking that can be caused by a stroke. It means that the person‟s
foot is difficult to lift and their toes might catch on the ground. This can increase the
risk of tripping and falling.
Dysarthria
Weakness in the muscles that control the mouth, lips, tongue or breathing. This can
make speech slower or slurred and can cause problems with swallowing.
Hemianopia
The loss of one half of the visual field which results in not being able to see to either
the left or right of the field of vision. It can happen in the right half of each eye known
as „right homonymous hemianopia‟ or in the left half called „left homonymous
hemianopia‟.
Hemiparesis
Weakness of one half of the body. Weakness in an arm, leg or both is probably one
of the most common effects of stroke. Weakness can vary in severity, from mild,
where it only affects one part of the body to severe where it affects the whole side of
the body
Hemiplegia
The term hemiplegia is used to describe paralysis of one side of the body. It differs
from hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body) as it describes the total loss of
ability to move a part of the body.
Hemiplegia
The term hemiplegia is used to describe paralysis of one side of the body. It differs
from hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body) as it describes the total loss of
ability to move a part of the body.
Neuron
Basic cell/structural block
Neuroglia
Supporting cells, providing nutrients, insulation and physical support
Vascular disorders
stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) (mini stroke), subarachnoid haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage and hematoma, and extradural haemorrhage (not technically stroke, but they come under that heading)
Structural disorders
brain or spinal cord injury (external injury), Bell’s palsy, cervical spondylosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, brain or spinal cord tumours, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Haemorrhagic Stroke
perforated blood vessel allow blood to leak out – can cause pressure on the brain
• Aneurism
is when the blood vessels where there is weak point, high blood pressure causes a swelling in small areas
Haemorrhagic:
Intracerebral
bleed between 2 cerebral regions
Subarachnoid Haemorrhagic
bleed between cerebral and miniguns (recently declared a type of stroke) – pressure from outside of the brain
Which Ascending Spinal tracts send interpretations of Pain
o Spinothalamic Tract (STT): nociceptive pathways, synapses to thalamus and then on to the somatosensory strip of cortex
o Spinoreticular Tract (SRT): multiple nociceptive pathways, synapse in medial aspect of thalamus and then multiple regions of brain
What is Pain Gate Theory
Pain gate theory states larger dimeter fibre signals can override pain signals by synapsing with interneuron and sending inhibitory signal to pain neuron in the spinal cord, stopping the perception of pain
dysphasia
difficulty swallowing
