Unit 1 - Micronutrients and Non Nutrients

Question 1

Micronutrient definition

Answer 1

Vitamins and minerals needed in micro amounts for regular growth and development

Question 2

Micronutrients groups and what are in those groups.

Answer 2

Minerals : Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iodine

Vitamins-
Fat soluble: Vitamin D
Water soluble: Folate

Question 3

Vitamin D functions

Answer 3

Absorption and metabolism of calcium for strong bones and teeth.
Plays a role in immune function.

Question 4

Vitamin D food sources

Answer 4

Egg yolk, oily fish like salmon and sardines, liver

Question 5

Vitamin D excess

Answer 5

Kidney stones

Elevated blood calcium

Question 6

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 6

Rickets in children

Osteomalacia

• They’re both the same low calcium leads to soft bones and bowing legs in children and bone pain in adults.

Question 7

Folate definition

Answer 7

Forming enzymes and red blood cells
Metabolising DNA
Activates vitamin B12

Question 8

Folate food sources

Answer 8

Banana, chicken liver, spinach

Folate fortified bread

Question 9

Folate deficiency

Answer 9

Neural tube defects - if a mother is deficient in folate when the baby is born the baby can have defects of the brain, spine, and spinal cord. This happens in the first month of pregnancy.

Question 10

Folate excess

Answer 10

Restlessness, sleep disorders, nausea.

Question 11

Iron functions

Answer 11

Formation of red blood cells and a component of many enzymes

Question 12

Haem Iron and food sources

Answer 12

Easily absorbed by the body
Found in animal sources but not plant

Liver, red meat and poultry

Question 13

Non Haem Iron and food sources

Answer 13

Not easily absorbed by the body
can be found in both plant and animal sources
Vitamin C with a meal will increase non haem iron absorption

Dark leafy greens, dried fruit, iron fortified breakfast cereals ( nutri grain )

Question 14

Iron deficiency

Answer 14

Anaemia is when blood cells lack red blood cells due to severe depletion of iron.

Question 15

Calcium functions

Answer 15

Forming teeth and bones
assisting muscle contraction
functioning of nerves
Preventing rickets and osteoporosis.

Question 16

Food sources of calcium

ABC of calcium

Answer 16

Dairy products, milk, cheese, yogurt
Almonds
Broccoli
Cheese

Question 17

Calcium deficiency

Answer 17

Osteoporosis: a condition in which bones become weak and fragile and can easily fracture.

Question 18

Iodine functions and food sources

‘Cast a line for iodine’

Answer 18

Assisting the thyroid glad function which is responsible for producing hormones.

Seafood and seaweed, iodised bread (fortified)

Question 19

Iodine deficiency

Answer 19

Goitre: Enlargement of the thyroid gland that results in a large, visible lump in the neck.

Question 20

Sodium functions and food sources

Answer 20

Regulating fluid balance
Essential for nerves to work and muscle contractions

Bread, Butter and TInned soups

Question 21

Sodium deficiency

Answer 21

Hyponatremia: low sodium levels in the blood which can cause them to swell up with water

Question 22

Sodium Excess

Answer 22

Hypertension: high blood pressure on the artery walls, can cause heart attack or stroke

Also dehydration

Question 23

Potassium functions and food sources

Answer 23

Regulating fluid balance
Controlling nerve impulses
Preventing muscle cramps
Forming part of many enzyme systems

Nuts, Banana, Sweet Potato and Yogurt

Question 24

Potassium Deficiency

Answer 24

Hypokalemia: A blood level that is low in potassium, which can result in fatigue and muscle cramps.