Unit 1- Membrane Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Resting Cell Charge

A

Inside is negative relative to outside. about -70mV

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2
Q

Ion gradients at rest

A

Na+: High outside, low inside.
K+: High inside, low outside.

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3
Q

Transport types

A

Passive: No energy (diffusion, facilitated diffusion).
Active: Requires energy (pumps).

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4
Q

Diffusion Limitations

A

Size, charge, and solubility affect permeability.

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5
Q

Channels vs Pumps

A

Channels: Facilitated diffusion, no energy.
Pumps: Active transport, require energy.

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6
Q

Channel Gating

A

Voltage-gated: Respond to voltage changes.
Ligand-gated: Respond to ligand binding.
Mechanosensitive: Respond to mechanical forces.

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7
Q

Voltage-gated channel selectivity

A

Based on ion size and charge.

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8
Q

Voltage response mechanism

A

Voltage-sensing domains change conformation in response to membrane potential changes.

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9
Q

Channel vs Carrier

A

Channel: Passively facilitates ion movement.
Carrier: Binds and changes shape to move substances

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10
Q

Carrier against gradient

A

Can use secondary active transport, leveraging ion gradients.

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11
Q

Channel/Transporter structures:

A

Ion Channels:
–> Membrane-spanning proteins with selective pores for ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻).
—>Gating: Voltage, Ligand, Mechanical.

Transporters
–>Types: Uniporters, Symporters, Antiporters.
—>Undergo conformational changes to transport molecules (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺ pump).

Aquaporins
–>Water-specific channels with tetrameric structure.

Symporters/Antiporters
–>Symporters: Transport two molecules in the same direction.
–>Antiporters: Transport two molecules in opposite directions.

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