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Health and Social care > Unit 1, LA B > Flashcards

Unit 1, LA B Flashcards

1
Q

What is nature ?

A

Genetic inheritance and other biological factors

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2
Q

What is nurture ?

A

The influence of external factors after conception such as social and environmental factors.

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3
Q

What is maturation ?

A

A genetically programmed sequence of change, for example the onset of the menopause.

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4
Q

Is Gesell’s maturation theory nature or nurture ?

A

Nature.

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5
Q

What does Gesell’s maturation theory suggest ?

A

That development is based on biology and any development issues are inherited.

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6
Q

Is Bandura’s social learning theory nature of nurture ?

A

Nurture.

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7
Q

What 4 stages of behavioural development did Bandura suggest ?

A
  1. Observation of behaviour.
  2. Internalises action by remembering observation.
  3. Reproduce behaviour.
  4. Repeat or desist behaviour.
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8
Q

Is the stress-diathesis model nature or nurture?

A

Nature and nurture.

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9
Q

What does the stress diathesis model suggest ?

A

Some people are born with predisposition to a mental illness. They may never develop this but high levels of stress could the onset if they are predisposed to the illness.

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10
Q

What is genetic predisposition ?

A

You inherit the possibility of a condition from one or both of your biological parents.

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11
Q

What 8 genetic factors can affect development ?

A 
Cystic fibrosis
Brittle bone disease
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Huntington’s disease 
Klinefelter syndrome 
Down’s syndrome
Colour blindness
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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12
Q

Define susceptibility

A

An increased livelihood of developing a disease because of genetic make-up.

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13
Q

What diseases are more likely to happen if you have a susceptibility ?

A

Cancer
Diabetes
High blood cholesterol

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14
Q

Define biological factors.

A

The environment in the mother’s womb during pregnancy.

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15
Q

what are the biological factors that affect development ?

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome
Maternal infections during pregnancy
Lifestyle/diet during pregnancy.

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16
Q

What is a congenital defect?

A

A defect present at birth.

17
Q

What is a mural tube defect?

A

A congenital defect of the brain, spine or spinal cord.

18
Q

Define congenital defects

A

Defects that are present at birth.

19
Q

Define neural tube defects

A

congenital defects of the brain spine or spinal cord.

20
Q

Other than genetic factors what other factors are responsible for congenital defects.

A

socio- economic factors
environmental factors
infection disease (during pregnancy)

21
Q

What environmental factors can affect development ?

A

Exposure to pollution

Poor housing conditions

22
Q

What can exposure To pollution cause ?

A

Respiratory disorders
Cardiovascular disorders
Allergies

23
Q

What can housing conditions cause?

A

Respiratory disorders
Cardiovascular problems
Hypothermia
Anxiety and depression

24
Q

What factors can affect the access to health and social care services?

A
  • Availability of transport
  • Opening hours of services
  • Needs and requirements of a particular service
  • People who do not access services
25
Q

What social factors affect development?

A

Family dysfunction
Bullying
Culture, religion and beliefs

26
Q

What can cause family dysfunction ?

A

Parental divorce or separation
Sibling rivalry
Parenting styles

27
Q

What are the effects of bullying?

A

Low self- esteem

Self-harm

28
Q

What factors of culture, religion and beliefs can affect social development

A

Medical interventions

Dietary restrictions

29
Q

What economic factors affect development ?

A

Income and expenditure
Employment status
Education
Lifestyle

30
Q

What are the two types of life event?

A

Predictable events

Unpredictable events

31
Q

What is meant by a predictable event ?

A

Events that are expected to happen at a particular time e.g starting school, Marriage, parenthood, retirement

32
Q

What is meant by an unpredictable event ?

A

Event that unexpectedly happen e.g birth of a sibling, redundancy, divorce, illness, bereavement

33
Q

What does Holmes- Rahe readjustment scale suggest ?

A

That there are correlations between stress and health.

Health and Social care (6 decks)

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