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World Civilization to 1500 > Unit 1 Key Terms and Concepts > Flashcards

Unit 1 Key Terms and Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

World History

A

What is common among all people. Historical patterns that are distinctively pan-human in nature.

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2
Q

Networks of exchange

A

trade, migration, cultural exchange. anything that connects historical hierarchies

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3
Q

Hierarchies of power

A

states, countries, kingdoms, empires, or even nations

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4
Q

Cultural frameworks

A

What makes the “room” its own environment/lens

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5
Q

Cognitive-linguistic revolution

A

linguistic capacity to communicate abstract thoughts to others through symbols. Creation of social hierarchies, networks of exchange and cultural frames

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6
Q

Collective learning

A

The ability of a species to retain more information with one generation than is lost by the next

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7
Q

Mimetic culture

A

causes a fairly uniform culture within hunting and gathering bands. Learning through imitation

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8
Q

Symbolic culture

A

Sense of self. Purpose and meaning. Art and beauty. Having time for these things

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9
Q

Hunting-gatherer energy regime

A

The energy exertion to capture ration for food is inefficient and there is almost no surplus

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10
Q

nomadism

A

No permanent residence because of gathering food and following herds

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11
Q

band

A

Small nomadic groups connected to other bands/tribes through short-range network connections. Kinship

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12
Q

Tribe

A

Larger groups because they started to settle in fruitful areas. Start the use of permanent housing

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13
Q

Hunter-gatherer society

A

Egalitarianism in politics, economics and gender statuses. Rituals of inclusion

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14
Q

Tribalism and in-group dynamics

A

band or tribe, daily interaction, life-long relationships, common

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15
Q

Tribalism out-group dynamics

A

Mistrust, caution, violence. Anyone outside of tribe/band.

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16
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

Started settling and finding opportunities to store food. the second great transformation of humans relationship to their environment

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17
Q

Domestication of plants and animals

A

Selective breeding and effecting the process of evolution by causing the plants and animals to be reliant on the humans. Created advantages for groups with these plants and animals

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18
Q

Pre-state, post-agricultural revolution village

A

didn’t become state-level because warlike societies lost too much of their wealth in warfare. There were no resources for coercion or to support a more specialized organization (specialist warriors who monopolized)

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19
Q

State

A

A coercive organization of people that monopolizes the legitimate use of violence within its territory. Social technology created to solve problems. Sovereign governments

20
Q

The beast

A

Male propensity towards violence. Humans have to compete with each other. Hobbes vs Rousseau debate

21
Q

Roving Bandit

A
22
Q

Stationary bandit

A

Protect village to receive their own gain

23
Q

Caging

A

Geography prevents spreading out so there has to be competition between bandits and societies

24
Q

Red Queen Effect

A

increased pressure to adapt faster to survive

25
Q

Script vs Language

A

written achieved an appearance of permanence and timelessness denied to oral culture, even though oral traditions can be quite stable

26
Q

Great cultural divide

A

The differences between elite and non-elite culture in the agrarian world. Elite= unitary, transregional, written. Non-elite= multicultural, localist and oral

27
Q

Writing and collective learning and power

A

Elites

28
Q

Culture frames

A

set of culture values and assumptions fundamental to the culture’s understanding of the world and themselves

29
Q

Cultural screens

A

contested issues like debates between different schools of thought

30
Q

Low and Slow in agricultural pyramid

A

Low productivity, slow communication. Compared to today, productivity is low because only a small group doesn’t need to work

31
Q

River Valleys and early civilization

A

River valleys allowed for unification in civilizations. Created caging so civilizations needed to improve and compete with one another

32
Q

Sumeria

A

Pyramid: King, elites (priests, scribes, warriors), peasants, slaves and conscripts.
Culture frame: Unpredictable gods
Culture Screen: divine kingship, sacrifice, unpleasant afterlife
The flooding patterns correlated with their beliefs and rulers

33
Q

Egypt

A

Pyramid: Pharoah, elites (priests and scribes), peasants and conscripts
Frame: benevolent gods
Screen: divine kings, afterlife

34
Q

Harappan

A

We don’t know with certainty how it was structured because the writing on clay seals are too fragmented to be deciphered. Perhaps a king and priestly elites, but these are only speculations

35
Q

Shang

A

Oracle bones. Unification under one ruling family. Low intensity warfare. human sacrifice
Pyramid: King, elites (priest/warriors, scribes)
Frame: will of heaven
Screen: kingship divination and warrior honor.

36
Q

Norte Chico

A

Earliest state-level society in the Americas
Probably invented quipu (knots in colored strings as a record-keeping technology)

37
Q

Olmec

A

First Mesoamerican state-level society out of competition between chiefdoms. Warfare, writing and ritual ball game and human sacrifice. Slowest to reach state-level organization
Pyramid: Kings, elites (priests)

38
Q

Atra-hasis: Babylonian Myth

A

The birth goddess, Belet-ili, sacrifices a god to create mankind and is called Mistress-of-All-the-Gods (Belet-kala-ili)

39
Q

Rig Veda: Indian Myth

A

The gods were born and created the worlds and opposites, but it isn’t certain who knows how

40
Q

Genesis: Hebrew Myth

A

God created the earth in segments and placed man on earth to learn to obey God

41
Q

Yijing: Chinese Myth

A

Creative and receptive differences between nature and males and females. Very focused on patterns.

42
Q

Popo Vuh: Mayan Myth

A

Made earth from sky and void, but humans caused complications in creation and needed to be redone.

43
Q

Kojiki: Japanese Myth

A

Focusing on the role of females to take their place after males for creation to be successful. The children were strong when the god approached the goddess first.

44
Q

Agricultural revolution time period

A

12,000 to 5,000 BCE

45
Q

Hunter Gatherer Era time period

A

Beginning (200,000) - 10,000 BCE

World Civilization to 1500 (5 decks)

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