Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP WORLD MODERN TEST > Unit 1 Key Terms > Flashcards

Unit 1 Key Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

What is state-building?

A

The processes of creating and expanding states or empires typically to refer to their government, economic, and cultural practices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define East Asia.

A

A region of Asia that includes China, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe South Asia.

A

A region that includes modern-day India & Pakistan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain Southeast Asia.

A

A region that includes Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Afro-Eurasia.

A

The vast region made up of Africa, Europe, and Asia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the term “Middle East” typically refer to?

A

Region of Southwest Asia that typically refers to the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq, Syria, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What characterized the Song Dynasty’s focus during its rule?

A

The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who was Song Taizu and what were his priorities during his reign?

A

First Song dynasty emperor who reigned from 960-976 CE. He focused his rule on civil administration, industry, education, and the arts rather than on military affairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the practice of footbinding in Chinese society?

A

Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women’s feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women’s movement; used at first by wealthy elite, but spread to other classes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Daoism.

A

Philosophical system developed by Lao-Tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events, balance and harmony.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain Confucianism.

A

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is meant by “Filial Piety” in Confucianism?

A

A virtue of respect for one’s parents, elders, and ancestors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Imperial Bureaucracy.

A

Division of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Neo-Confucianism?

A

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Hinduism.

A

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms, polytheistic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain Buddhism.

A

The teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth. This is known as the Four Noble Truths & the Eightfold Path.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Theravada Buddhism?

A

The oldest of the two major branches of Buddhism. Traditional Buddhism that follows closely the original teachings of the Buddha.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Mahayana Buddhism.

A

Also known as popular Buddhism, it allows people more ways to reach enlightenment, and boddhisatvas can help you reach enlightenment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Zen Buddhism?

A

A Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did Buddhism spread in China?

A

Spread by the Silk Roads, took form of Mahayana Buddhism. Blended with Daoism, formed ‘Chan Buddhism’ (aka Zen Buddhism).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Champa Rice known for?

A

A quick-maturing, drought-resistant rice that can allow two harvests, of sixty days each in one growing season.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Explain the significance of the Grand Canal in Chinese history.

A

Built in 7th century during the reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; strengthened China’s internal cohesion and economic development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Porcelain.

A

A thin, beautiful pottery invented in China; one of China’s 3 major exports.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What was the role of steel and iron production during the Song Economic Revolution?

A

A key element during the Song Economic Revolution; helped popularize mass production and new production methods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is woodblock printing?

A

A type of printing in which text is carved into a block of wood and the block is then coated with ink and pressed on the page, popular innovation in Song China.

26
Q

Describe Judaism.

A

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. Their holy book is the Tanahk or Hebrew Bible.

27
Q

Explain Christianity.

A

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as Messiah. His death is seen as atonement for people’s wrongdoings.

28
Q

What is the Umma in Islam?

A

The overarching community of all Muslims that is unified by religion instead of race or ethnicity.

29
Q

Define Islam.

A

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

30
Q

Who is a Caliph in Islamic governance?

A

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government, successor after Muhammad.

31
Q

What was the House of Wisdom in Baghdad known for?

A

An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in the 800s by the Abbasid caliph. Known for their advancements in astronomy and medicine.

32
Q

What characterized the Abbasid Caliphate?

A

Third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The rulers who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs. Flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army it had created, the Mamluks.

33
Q

Who were the Turks in medieval history?

A

Central Asian nomads related to the Xiongnu peoples that pressured Han China. Organized as tribes that constantly fought each other. Most converted to Islam. Most societies sought to trade with settled people. Nobles controlled absolutely in times of war.

34
Q

Describe the Seljuk Empire.

A

An empire formed by Turkish and Persian Sunnis, lasting from 1037 to 1194 A.D.

35
Q

Who were the Mamluks?

A

Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517).

36
Q

Explain the Delhi Sultanate.

A

Islamic kingdom in South Asia. After years of conquest, the Sultanate conquered and incorporated that majority of the Indian subcontinent. This resulted in a sort of unification process between the diverse peoples of the region, but also led to a split in Indian culture, as Hindus increasingly fought against the Sultanate in the 16th century, leading to its demise.

37
Q

What role did Sufis play in spreading Islam?

A

Mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life - Spread Islam through Anatolia, the Middle East and even into South Asia.

38
Q

What is Dar al-Islam?

A

An Arabic term that means the “house of Islam” and that refers to lands under Islamic rule.

39
Q

What is significant about the Abbasid dynasty?

A

A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.

40
Q

Describe Mali.

A

The kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam.

41
Q

Who was Mansa Musa and why is he famous?

A

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

42
Q

Describe Ethiopia’s relationship with Christianity.

A

A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa that retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in northern and sub-Saharan Africa. Remained trading partners with others along the Saharan and even into the Mediterranean and Arabian peninsula.

43
Q

What was Great Zimbabwe known for?

A

A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E. Famous for its stone-walled enclosure.

44
Q

Explain the Bhakti Movement in Hinduism.

A

A Hindu movement that sought to emphasize the idea of devotion to God (Salvation); women began to receive greater importance and recognition in society.

45
Q

Define Monasticism.

A

A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith (monasteries and nunneries).

46
Q

Describe the Hausa Kingdoms.

A

1 kingdom divided into 7 states that were connected through kinship, blood, or ethnic ties; had no main central authority but rather ruled each state separate from one another; mainly benefited economically from the trans-Saharan trade network.

47
Q

What is decentralization?

A

Degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization’s hierarchy.

48
Q

Define Feudalism.

A

The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

49
Q

Explain the Manorial System.

A

Self-sufficient, economic structure that is the relationship between the Lord and the peasants or serfs who produced all the necessary goods to keep the manor running.

50
Q

What is Free Labor?

A

Wage-paying rather than slave labor.

51
Q

Describe Coerced Labor.

A

A system where the workers were forced to work based on threats, pressure, or intimidation.

52
Q

Define Serfdom.

A

Feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions.

53
Q

Describe Vijayanagar.

A

Southern Indian kingdom (1336-1565) that was built around strong Hindu beliefs and keeping Islam out of the region.

54
Q

Explain Srivijaya.

A

A maritime empire that held the Strait of Malacca and the waters around Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. Buddhist state.

55
Q

Describe Majapahit.

A

Southeast Asian kingdom (1293-1520) centered on the island of Java. Wealthy due to trade.

56
Q

What characterized the Maya civilization?

A

Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. Traded jaguar pelts and jade across the lowlands of Mexico.

57
Q

Who were the Aztecs and what was their tribute system?

A

Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). Utilized a tribute system that forced conquered peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.

58
Q

What are Chinampas?

A

Floating “island” gardens made from large rafts covered with mud from the lake bottom which were used to grow crops.

59
Q

Describe the Inca Empire.

A

Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.

60
Q

What were the Inca Roads used for?

A

The most extensive and advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America.

61
Q

Explain the Mita System.

A

Economic system in Incan society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced.

AP WORLD MODERN TEST (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions