1.2 State building in the Americas Flashcards
The period from 1200 to 1450 saw the emergence of what varied and complex human societies across the Americas?
The period from 1200 to 1450 saw the emergence of varied and complex human societies across the Americas, with diverse cultures, practices, and beliefs.
What did the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, formed in North America around 1200, pledge and what conflicts did it end?
The Haudenosaunee, or Five Nations, pledged peace and unity, ending conflicts among the Iroquois tribes.
From where did the Aztecs, or Mexica, migrate and what city did they establish in central Mexico? What characterized their complex societies?
The Aztecs, or Mexica, migrated from Aztlan to central Mexico, where they established the city of Tenochtitlan. They developed complex societies with pyramids, human sacrifices, and trade networks.
In what region was Mayapan located and what civilization and culture influenced this cultural and political center from 1250 to 1450?
Mayapan was located in Yucatán and was a cultural and political center of the Yucatecan Maya civilization from 1250 to 1450, influenced by Toltec culture.
Originating from where did the Inca Empire emerge around 1100 and how did it expand to establish its vast imperial system across the Andes?
The Inca Empire originated from Lake Titicaca, emerging around 1100 and expanding through military conquests to establish a vast imperial system across the Andes.
What diverse religious rituals did societies practice across the Pre-Columbian Americas?
Across the Americas, societies practiced diverse religious rituals, including human sacrifices, festivals honoring celestial deities, and reverence for nature.
Despite regional diversity across the Americas, what increasing connections between societies led to the emergence of large states and shared cultural practices?
Despite regional diversity, there were increasing connections between societies, leading to the emergence of large states and shared cultural practices.
What was the Taíno?
One of the major indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, living across multiple islands at the time of European contact.
What were the Kalinago (Carib) known for?
An indigenous Caribbean people known for resisting Spanish colonization and control of the Caribbean islands.
What was a dugout canoe?
A type of boat made from a hollowed tree trunk, used by indigenous Caribbean peoples for transportation between islands.
What was the encomienda system?
A labor system imposed by Spanish colonizers where indigenous peoples were forced to work for Spanish settlers.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, cultures, human populations, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World after 1492.
What is globalization?
The process by which the world’s peoples and societies have become increasingly interconnected culturally and economically.
What is cultural fusion?
The merging and blending of diverse cultural elements from different societies into new forms.
What was the nature of trade in the Americas before 1500?
All societies in the Americas engaged in trade before 1500, with extensive long-distance trade networks.
Which region was a major hub of trade in the Americas due to its central location?
Mesoamerica (Mexico and Central America) was a major hub of trade due to its central location.
What was the geographic extent of trade networks in Mesoamerica during the Classic period (100-650 CE)?
Evidence shows trade networks in Mesoamerica reached from southwestern U.S. to Panama during the Classic period (100-650 CE).
Which city controlled obsidian sources and traded across Mesoamerica?
The city of Teotihuacan controlled obsidian sources and traded across Mesoamerica.
What types of luxury goods did Maya city-states trade via coastal canoes?
Maya city-states traded luxury goods like jade, cacao, and feathers via coastal canoes.
What characterized trade in the Aztec Empire in the 15th century?
The Aztec Empire (15th century) had huge markets and a merchant class (pochteca) trading across Mesoamerica.
What other regions had long-distance trade networks in the Americas before 1500?
Other regions with long-distance trade included the Andes Mountains (llama caravans), the Southwestern U.S. (turquoise), the Mississippi River valley, and the Caribbean islands trading with South America.
How did trade spread technologies in the Americas before 1500?
Trade spread technologies like metalworking and agricultural methods across the Americas.
What is the current state of knowledge about interconnections between distant regions in the pre-1500 Americas?
Interconnections between distant regions are debated due to a lack of written sources, but archaeological evidence continues revealing new information about pre-1500 trade networks.
What distinguished the Aztec Empire from the broader Aztec civilization?
The Aztec Empire was a specific political entity that emerged within 100 years prior to Spanish colonization, distinct from the broader Aztec civilization.
