Unit 1 Key area 8 Flashcards
Describe what is meant by “genomic sequencing”?
Genomic sequencing involves determining the sequence of nucleotide bases for individual genes and or entire genomes
(computer programs can be used to identify base sequences by looking for sequences similar to known genes)
What methods can we use to compare sequence data (from genomic sequencing)?
We can use computational and statistical analysis (bioinformatics)
What is the process of using computational and statistical analysis called?
Bioinformatics
Give an example of one of the things that can be seen by comparing genomes?
We can see how certain genes are highly conserved across different organisms
Define the term “phylogenetics”?
Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary history and relationships
(the prefix phylo means tribe)
What types of evidence can be used in phylogenetics?
- Fossil evidence
- Sequence data
What can sequence divergence be used for?
Sequence divergence can be used to estimate the time since lineages diverged
Describe the main sequence of events in the evolution of life?
Cells —> LUCA —> prokaryotes —> photosynthetic organisms —> eukaryotes —> multicellularity —> animals —> vertebrates —> land plants
What are molecular clocks used for?
Molecular clocks are used to show when species diverged in evolution
What is one possible flaw of molecular clocks?
Molecular clocks assume that the rate of mutations is constant
Give an example of why someone would want to undergo genomic sequencing?
As the individuals genome could be analysed to assess the risks of developing certain diseases.
Define the term “Pharmacogenetics”?
Pharmacogenetics can be defined as, the use of sequence data in the choice of drug administered to a patient.
(a person’s sequence data can be used to determine the most effective drugs and dosages to treat a person’s condition this is known as personalised medicine.)
