Unit 1 Key area 5

Question 1

Explain what is meant by the genome of an organism?

Answer 1

The genome is the “entire hereditary information” of an organism “encoded” in DNA.

Question 2

Explain the structure of a genome?

Answer 2

A genome consists of genes and other regions of DNA that do not code for the production of proteins.

Question 3

State what type of genetic information is most prevenant in the genome?

Answer 3

In a genome most of the genetic information consists of non-coding sequences.

Question 4

Define a gene?

Answer 4

A gene is a DNA sequence that codes for the production of a protein.

Question 5

What are some of the roles of these non-coding regions of DNA found in the genome?

Answer 5

These non-coding regions of DNA regulate transcription, others are transcribed but never translated?

Question 6

Give examples of non-coding regions of DNA that are transcribed but never translated?

Answer 6

• rRNA
• tRNA