Unit 1 (KA2) Transport Across Cell Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of the cell membrane using keywords.

A

The cell membrane consists of phospholipids and proteins and is selectively permeable.

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2
Q

Define passive transport.

A

Passive transport occurs down a concentration gradient and does not require energy.

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3
Q

State two examples of passive transport.

A

Diffusion
Osmosis

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4
Q

Define diffusion.

A

The movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, down a concentration gradient. Does not require energy.

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5
Q

Define osmosis.

A

The movement of water from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration, through a selectively permeable membrane. Does not require energy.

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6
Q

What is the effect on the animal cell when placed in a salty/sugary solution?

A

The animal cell shrinks, because water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

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7
Q

What is the effect on the animal cell when placed in pure water?

A

The animal cell bursts, because water moves into the cell by osmosis.

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8
Q

What is the effect on the plant cell when placed in a salty/sugary solution?

A

The plant cell becomes plasmolysed, because water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

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9
Q

Define plasmolyed.

A

A plant cell that has shrunk as water moved out of it.

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10
Q

What is the effect on the plant cell when placed in pure water?

A

The plant cell becomes turgid, because water moves into the cell by osmosis.

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11
Q

Define turgid.

A

A plant cell that has filled up with water.

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12
Q

Define active transport.

A

The movement of molecules and ions against the concentration gradient that requires energy.

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13
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

Allows some molecules through but not others.

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14
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

When there is a difference in concentration on each side of a cell membrane.

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