Unit 1: Introduction to Ideologies Flashcards
What are 3 factors that influences ideology
- Personal Identity
- Collective Identity
- Beliefs and Values
What is ideology
A system of ideas on how people should interact. Ideology can be described as being focused on the individual or the collective
What is individualism
focusing on personal freedom and self-reliance, valuing individual rights and achievements.
What is collectivism
emphasizes the importance of the group over the individual, promoting cooperation, shared goals, and community values.
Communism meaning
an ideology that aims for a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively by the community rather than by private individuals.
What is a political spectrum
Used to classify or suggest that it can be classified, in terms of its position on a SCALE between two extreme or opposite points/ideas. The left or right of a political spectrum
What is on the left side of the spectrum
- Collectivism
- Radical
- Government intervention and government controlled economy
- Secularism
- Change
- COMMUNISM
Right side
- Individualism
- Reactionary
- Free-market (Laissez-faire)
- Religious-based morality
- Status Quo
- FASCISM
Secularism meaning
keeping religion separate from government affairs and public life. It promotes a neutral stance towards all religions and ensures that no particular religion influences government decisions or policies.
Radical meaning
refers to extreme or drastic views that challenge the current norms or systems in place. It often involves advocating for significant CHANGES or reforms that may be considered unconventional or revolutionary.
Reactionary
refers to someone who holds conservative views and seeks to preserve or restore traditional institutions and values. They often OPPOSE progress or CHANGE, preferring to maintain the status quo or return to past practices.
Status quo
refers to the current or existing state of affairs, the way things are right now without any changes or disruptions.
Liberalism
in political terms, generally refers to a political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, freedom, equality, and the protection of civil liberties. It often advocates for limited government intervention in personal and economic matters.
socialism
an ideology that advocates for collective ownership and control of the means of production and distribution of goods and services. It aims to create a more equal society by reducing economic inequality through government intervention and social programs.
conservative
refers to holding traditional values and beliefs, often favoring limited government intervention in economic and social matters. It typically emphasizes preserving established institutions and practices while being cautious about rapid changes.
Social contract
meaning is the idea that individuals agree to live together in a society and follow rules and laws in exchange for protection of their rights and interests by the government. It’s like an unwritten agreement between citizens and their government for a peaceful coexistence.
capitalism
an economic system where private individuals or businesses own and control the production and distribution of goods and services for profit. It is characterized by a free market, competition, and the pursuit of individual wealth.
Tyranny
a leader or government controls people unfairly and takes away their freedoms.
mercantilism
It emphasizes exporting more than importing to increase reserves and maintain a favorable balance of trade. Exports = more money
Conservative
in political terms, generally refers to individuals who prefer traditional values, limited government intervention, and often advocate for preserving established institutions and practices.
Classical Liberalism
Liberty
Everyone is treated equal
* may lead to inequality
Modern Liberalism
Equal opportunity
Equity
Industrial Revolution
was a period of major economic, technological, and social change that began in the late 18th century. It marked the transition from manual labor-based economies to machine-based manufacturing. This era saw advancements in machinery, transportation, and communication, leading to significant shifts in society, urbanization, and the way goods were produced.
Thomas Hobbes
- Lived during English Civil War
- Believed that humans are feared, violent, and have danger self-interest
- Against individualism
*His solution was that everyone gave up their freedom to one person/ a leader for security - Believed in a centralized government
John Locke
- Father of classical liberalism
- Believed that people are rational, intelligent, reasonable
- Believed that the source of power was people themselves
- Believed that any government actions have to be justified by the people (get approval from citizens and have good reasons)
- Believed in democracy
- Limited Government
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Believed that people were good but is corrupted by civilization and society
- Believed that private property caused jealousy and selfishness towards individuals
- Also believed that citizens themselves should make the laws
Monstisquieu
- Believed in separating powers throughout the government. Making executive, legislative, and judicial
- Believed in the worth of individuals, the equality of individuals, and accountability of government
- Wanted people to be involved in the government = voting. So that citizens knew about the laws
- Against tyranny
- promotes liberty
John Stuart Mill
- Believed in individual freedom and decision making
- Believed that people can do whatever they want as long as it doesn’t hurt anyone
- Advocate for free speech
Adam Smith
- Saw that individual self-interest guides individuals to contribute for common good
- invisible hand
- government should be limited and they are only there for rule of law and ensure they are followed
- Father of capitalism ( private ownership = profit)
Karl Marx
- Believed in classless society (everyone collectively own the production)
- to overthrow the capitalist system
- no private property = equal share of everyone
- made communist manifesto during industrial revolution
- promotoed world wife revolution for the working class
- viewed industrial revolution as a conflict
anarchy
NO government
