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PHARM 200 DDS LECTURE (Long Quiz) > UNIT 1 (INTRODUCTIONㅡDRUG DEVELOPMENT) > Flashcards

UNIT 1 (INTRODUCTIONㅡDRUG DEVELOPMENT) Flashcards

1
Q

The first official publication containing a complete collection of approved English Drug.

A

The Pharmacopoea Londinensis of May 1618

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2
Q

The four largest pharmacopoea:

A

• United State Pharmacopoea
• European Pharmacopoea
• British Pharmacopoea
• Japanese Pharmacopoea

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3
Q

A substance intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, or prevention of disease in man/animals.

A

Drug

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4
Q

TWO CATEGORIES OF COMPONENTS USED IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

A

• ACTIVE INGREDIENT(S)
• EXCIPIENTS/ INERT INGREDIENTS

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5
Q

“The biochemically reactive component (components) of the drug and thus exert pharmacological activity on the body”

A

ACTIVE INGREDIENT(S)

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6
Q

Are the ingredients added and mixed with the active ingredients that exert little or no physiological effect at all.

A

EXCIPIENTS/ INERT INGREDIENTS

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7
Q

CLASSES OF DRUGS

A

• PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
• OVER THE COUNTER (OTC) DRUGS
• HOMEOPATHIC MEDICATIONS
• PHARMACIST-ONLY OTC MEDICINES

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8
Q

● Are drugs that are dispensed by pharmacist only when issued by a duly licensed health profession such as a physician, dentist or a veterinarian is presented.

● Such drugs are labelled with Rx

● Examples: Amoxicillin, Metformin, Fluconazole, and CO-Amoxiclav

A

PRESCRIPTION DRUGS

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9
Q

● Are drugs that can be dispensed without a prescription

● Must obtain the following instruction in the label: Indication, Dose for various age groups, Side effects, Warnings, and Expiration date.

● Examples: Biogesic, Phenylephrine, Loratadine, Ibuprofen, Senna, Enervon

A

OVER THE COUNTER (OTC) DRUGS

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10
Q

● “like cures like”

● “the use of small doses of plant, mineral or natural substances to stimulate/trigger the body’s immune system to overcome the symptoms”

● The active ingredient is diluted from one part per ten (1:10) to more than one aprt per thousand (1:1000).

● In the Philippines, homeopathy is considered as traditional and alternative health care that is principally for the treatment of symptoms.

A

HOMEOPATHIC MEDICATIONS

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11
Q

● As defined by RA 10918 (pharmacy Law), refer to over-the-counter medicines classified by appropriate government agencies to be obtained only from a licensed pharmacist, with mandatory pharmacist’s advice on their selection and proper use

A

PHARMACIST-ONLY OTC MEDICINES

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12
Q

● Dangerous Drug as listed in the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2022; supplied only on Special DOH Prescription Form (Yellow Rx) by a licensed PDEA prescribing physician (S2 licensed physician)

  • Example: Morphine, Butane, and Fentanyl.
A

DD, Rx

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13
Q

● medicine containing any amount of prohibited or regulated drugs, supplied on ordinary prescription forms with 5-2 license number by a licensed PDEA prescribing physician.

A

EDD, Rx (Exempt Dangerous Drug)

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14
Q

● Prescription medicine; supplied on prescription only.

A

Rx

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15
Q

non-prescription medicine; supplied without need for prescription

A

Non-Rx

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16
Q

SOURCES OF DRUGS

A

• natural
• synthetic
• synthesized
• semisynthetic

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17
Q

● naturally occurring biological products made or taken from single cell organisms, plants, animals, and humans. It is most commonly in plants.

  • Example: bayabas (it has antimicrobial property)
A

Natural

18
Q

● (created artificially) the one that is created artificially to exert a specific pharmacological effect. They may come from laboratories.

A

Synthetic

19
Q

● (created artificially but in imitation of natural occurring substances) it is similar to synthetic

A

Synthesized

20
Q

● containing both natural and synthetic components)

A

Semisynthetic

21
Q

● Maintain health

● Relieve symptoms

● Combat illness

● Reverse disease processes

A

THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

22
Q

● These drugs alter bodily function in a desired way. For example, caffeine is use to forestall sleep

A

PHARMACODYNAMIC AGENTS

23
Q

● Facilitates an examination (usually one conducted to arrive at a diagnosis) or conclusion as to the nature or extent of a disease or condition.

  • Example: (Tensilon Test) Erophonium – Myasthenia Gravis (antibodies forms nicotinic acetylcholine)
  • Anti-Acetylcholinesterase drug – it will target the acetylcholinesterase (enzyme in the body that breakdown acetylcholine) there by increasing the amount of acetylcholine) in the body.
A

DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

24
Q

● chemical containg radioactive isotopes, used diagnostically (and also therapeutically)

Examples: Iopanic Acid: used for Cholecystography (evaluate and visuals the gallbladder), Bronchography (examination of the interior passageway of the lower respiratory tract) and myelography (examine the spinal cord)

A

Radiopharmaceuticals

25
Q

● These are agents used to prevent people from contracting disease

  • Example: vaccine
A

PROPHYLACTIC AGENTS

26
Q

● Destructive (“-cida”) action

● Kills bacteria, fungi, viruses, or even normal cells or abnormal cancer cells

  • Examples: Antibiotics – bactericidal

Radioactive Iodine – destroy some of the thyroid glads

● Antineoplastic Drug: used in cancer chemotherapy

A

DESTRUCTIVE AGENTS

27
Q

● Refers to how the drug’s physical appearance – as in SOLID, SEMI-SOLID, LIQUID, or GAS.

● Common examples: Tables, Capsules, Syrups, Suspensions.

A

DOSAGE FORMS

28
Q

● Design feature of the dose form that affects the delivery of the drug

● means of transporting a drug to its site(s) of action within the body.

● Examples: Nitroglycerin Sublingual Tablets, Nitroglycerin Ointment, and Nitroglycerin transdermal Patches.

A

DELIVERY SYSTEM

29
Q

The following factors affect the preference for a Delivery System:

A

⮚ active ingredients to be delivered

⮚ amount of active ingredient to be delivered

⮚ means or route that ingredient is to be delivered

⮚ to what sites

⮚ at what rate

⮚ over what period of time

⮚ for what purpose

30
Q

● the first stage of drug development is __________________

● it is the process of identifying a potential target for a therapeutic drug in a particular disease or condition that does not have a treatment or for which existing therapeutic agents are lacking in some way.

A

target discovery

31
Q

● A _____________ needs to be efficacious, safe, meet clinical and commercial needs, and above all, be druggable

A

good target

32
Q

● A ___________________ is accessible to the supposed drug molecule, be that a small molecule or larger biologicals and upon binding, elicit a biological response which may be measured both in vitro and in vivo.

A

druggable target

33
Q

● ____________________ involves the application of a range of techniques that aim to demonstrate that drug effects on the target can provide a therapeutic benefit with an acceptable safety window

A

Target validation

34
Q

Following the process of target validation, it is during the ________________________ of the drug discovery process that compound screening assays are developed.

A

hit identification phase

35
Q

A ____ is a compound which has the desired activity in a compound screen.

A

hit

36
Q

__________________ is defined as the identification of compounds that could be promising candidates for drug development.

A

Compound Screening

37
Q

● are test systems that evaluate the effect of the new drug candidate at the cellular, molecular, and biochemical levels

A

Assays

38
Q

● A drug discovery process that allows automated testing of large number of chemicals and or biological compounds for a specific biological target

● Accelerate target analysis as large-scale compound libraries can be quickly screen in a cost effective way.

● Uses robotics, data processing/control software, liquid handling devices, and sensitive detectors to rapidly conduct millions of pharmacological, chemical, and genetic tests, eliminating hours of painstaking testing by scientists.

● ______ identifies active compounds, genes or antibodies that affect human molecules against a selection of compound.

A

HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING (HTS)

39
Q

● A ______________ is a prototype chemical compound that has a fundamental desired biological or pharmacologic activity.

A

lead compound

40
Q

● _________________ conducts experimental testing using animal efficacy models and ADMET (absorption, distribution, disposition, metabolism, & excretion) tools, designing the drug candidate.

A

Lead optimization

41
Q

● ___________________________ are biologically active ingredients in a drug candidate that produce effects.

A

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

PHARM 200 DDS LECTURE (Long Quiz) (7 decks)

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