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NUTR*3210 > UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

The science of food and food systems, their nutrients and other constituents, and their interactions within and between all relevant biological, social, and environmental systems

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

What is an essential nutrient?

A
  • chemical required for optimal metabolism

- cannot be synthesized (or rapidly enough) to meet physiological function

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3
Q

What are the 2 steps to determine if nutrient is essential?

A
  1. remove from diet, and is deficient

2. put nutrient back in, and it corrects the problem (refeeding stage varies depending on pathology)

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4
Q

Deficiencies in thiamine (vit B1) is…

A

lethal

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5
Q

Deficiencies in folate is…

A

suboptimal

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6
Q

Deficiencies in B12 is…

A

suboptimal

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7
Q

Deficiencies in vitD is…

A

suboptimal

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8
Q

Deficiencies in vit C is…

A

lethal

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9
Q

Deficiencies in niacin (vit B3) is…

A

lethal

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10
Q

Approx. how many essential nutrients are there?

a. 4
b. 10
c. 40
d. 400

A

~ 40 essential nutrients

- classified by chemical structure, absorb/digest//transported, impact on health

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11
Q

Define EAR.

A

EAR - estimated average requirement

  • Recommended intakes to maintain optimal health in population.
  • Calculated by taking average/mean of population (peak)
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12
Q

How much of the population will have a higher nutrient requirement than EAR? How much will have lower?

A

50% higher and 50% lower.

- the EAR is the average

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13
Q

What is the RDA?

A

RDA - recommended daily allowance
- add 2SD to the mean
RDA = EAR + 2SD
- this will include 97.5% of the population

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14
Q

If the whole population consumes RDA level of nutrients, will there people who are deficient? What proportion?

A

2.5% deficiency

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15
Q

At what point does conc. of nutrient become “excess”? What is this called?

A

Upper limit. (UL)

Past the UL the condition level is considered suboptimal.

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16
Q

At what point is nutrient considered suboptimal?

A
  • past UL

- less than EAR

17
Q

The highest average daily intake that may not pose a risk of adverse effects to most individuals in population is…

A

UL - upper limit

~3.5-4 SD above EAR

18
Q

Health Canada tries to keep the whole population between which two points?

A

RDA - recommended daily average and upper limit (UL)

19
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

TI = UL / RDA

It measures the difficulty in accomplishing the goal of keeping the whole population between RDA and UL

20
Q

The dietary reference intake that is derived for nutrient if EAR and RDA evidence is insufficient is called…

A

Adequate Intake

- AI indicates more research needs to be determined with a certain degree of confidence

21
Q

The dietary reference intake that is the average dietary intake predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy normal weight individuals is…

A

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

- defined by age, gender, weight, height, level of physical activity

22
Q

The dietary reference intake for the intake range for a particular energy source (protein, fat, carb) expressed as a percentage of total energy (kcal) that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate essential nutrients is….

A

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)

23
Q

RDA is used to calculate energy requirements.

True or False

A

False.
Nutrient requirements, not energy.
- this would lead to obesity and recommended daily intake covers 97.5%

24
Q

What is used to correctly determine energy requirements?

A

EER - Estimated Energy Requirement.

- factors in age, body weight, gender, height, level of physical activity

25
Q

In adults, rank macronutrient AMDR of fat, carbs, protein in increasing order of contribution to total daily energy.

A
  • Protein 10-35%
  • Fat 20-35%
  • Carbohydrates 45-65%
26
Q

What is energy expenditure = ?

A

resting metabolism + physical activity

27
Q

PCM and PEM are due to?

A

insufficient macronutrients

  • protein/calorie malnutrition
  • protein/energy malnutrition
28
Q

Name the macronutrient classes.

A
  • carbs
  • lipids
  • proteins
29
Q

Name the micronutrient classes.

A
  • vitamins

- minerals

30
Q

Which classes of molecules/nutrients are organic?

A
  • carbs
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • vitamins
31
Q

Both macronutrients and micronutrients contribute to growth and development, but are consumed in ____

A

macro - consumed in large amounts

micro - consumed in smaller amounts

32
Q

Macro or micro:

- metabolic regulation at level of gene expression and hormonal control

A

micronutrients

33
Q

Macro or micro:

- support metabolism and physical activity in calories

A

macronutrients

34
Q

What is your body composition?

A
  • 55-65% water
  • 20-25% lipid
  • 15% protein
  • 2% vitamins/minerals
  • 0.5% carb

NUTR*3210 (15 decks)

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