Unit 1: Intro to Environmental Economics-Ch.2 Flashcards
What is the Malthusian Hypothesis
Population will outgrow available food supplies
-this has been proven wrong r/t increasing productivity/ increased fossil fuels
What is the Gross Domestic Product: GDP
market value of final Goods and Services produced in a country over a specified time
How do you calculate the GDP growth rate
Population growth rate x per capita GDP growth rate
What is Real GDP
corrected for inflation
What is Nominal GDP
Measured using current dollars
Factors Essential to Economic Growth: Standard Theory
-Accumulation of Capital
-Technological Progress
Factors Essential to Economic Growth: Ecological economics
-Energy Supply
-Supply of Natural Land and Resources
-Absorptive Capacity of the Environment
Resource Curse Hypothesis
Countries with abundant resources grow more slowly than countries with scarce resources
Why does the Resource Curse Occur
-high volatility of resource price
-corruption
-violence and competition
Environmental Trends: Air
-C02: rising in middle income countries
-Air pollutants: east asia concentrations much higher
-Indoor air pollutants highest in low income: biomass burning
-lead / CFCs decreasing
Enviro Trends: Biodiversity
Threats: Agriculture/ Logging/ Urban Dev’p
Enviro Trends: Oceans & Coasts
-Coral Reefs-warmer weather increases acidity
-Ocean fishing: overfishing
-Marine debris: plastics
Enviro Trends: Land & Soil
-Agriculture: Monoculture/ fertilizers/ Soil contamination & erosion
-Forestry
Enviro Trends: Freshwater
-70% used for agriculture
-increased dependancy on groundwater
To increase efficiency: water pricing
Enviro Trends: Chemicals & Waste
-Bioaccumulation
-Electronic waste: lead / dioxin
