Unit 1- Intro to Chem Flashcards

1
Q

scientific method

A

investigations that are guided by theory and earlier experiments

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2
Q

hypothesis

A

possible explanation for an event

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3
Q

law

A

a statement that sums a large # of observations

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4
Q

theory

A

an explanation of the laws of nature

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5
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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6
Q

mass

A

quantity of matter in an obj

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7
Q

weight

A

the force of attraction between 2 obj

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8
Q

property

A

anything observed or measured about a sample of matter

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9
Q

extensive property

A

depends on SIZE of sample (mass, volume)

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10
Q

intensive property

A

indep of sample size
(density, color, melting point, boiling point)

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11
Q

physical property

A

can be measured W/OUT changing the composition of the sample (mass, density, color, melting point)

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12
Q

physical change

A

a change that occurs w/out changing the composition of the material

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13
Q

chem property

A

describes the reactivity of a material (ex: methane burns in air)

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14
Q

chem change

A

at least part of the materials changed into a diff kind of matter (ex: burning methane produces CO2 and H2O)

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15
Q

substances

A

a material that is chemically the same throughout

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16
Q

elements

A

cannot be broken into smaller substances by chemical means

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17
Q

compounds

A

can be broken into simpler substances

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18
Q

mixture

A

matter that can be separated into simpler materials by PHYSICAL METHODS

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19
Q

heterogenous mixtures

A

composition of the mix changes from one part to another (ex: rock)

20
Q

homogenous mixtures (solutions)

A

composition of the mix is uniform throughout (ex: air)

21
Q

alloys

A

solutions of metal and another material (usually other metal)

22
Q

accuracy

A

the agreement of a set of measurements with the TRUE VALUE (darts close to center/ same distance from center)

23
Q

precision

A

agreement among repeated measurements of the SAME QUALITY (darts close to one another)

24
Q

sig fig

A

of digits form the first non-zero digit through last reported digit (trailing numbers w/out decimal may not be sign)
(doesnt include tallies, defined #s, and powers of ten in exponential notation)

25
uncertainty in sig fig
addition/subtraction: # with least DECIMAL places is least certain multiplication/division: # with least SIG FIG is least certain
26
rounding methods
- less than 5, round down - 5, round to EVEN - more than 5, round up
27
SI system: length
meter (m)
28
SI system: mass
kilogram (kg)
29
SI system: time
second (s)
30
SI system: temp
kelvin (K)
31
SI system: amount
mole (mol)
32
SI system: electric current
ampere (A)
33
SI system: Luminous Intensity
candela (cd)
34
SI prefix: mega-
(M) 10^6
35
SI prefix: kilo-
(K) 10^3
36
SI prefix: centi-
(c) 10^-2
37
SI prefix: milli-
(M) 10^-3
38
SI prefix: micro-
(fancy u)10^-6
39
SI prefix: nano-
(n) 10^-9
40
SI prefix: pico-
(p) 10^-12
41
unit conversion factors
a fraction in which the numerator quantity is a quantity equal or equivalent to the quantity in the denom, but expressed in DIFFERENT UNITS
42
Non SI units: 1L =
1000mL or 1000 cm^3 (1mL = 1cm^3)
43
density
a physical property of a substance calculated as the mass per unit volume (d = m/v) (SI units: kg/m^3) (solids/liquids: g/cm^3 or g/mL) (gases: g/L)
44
T(f)=
T(c) x (1.8(f)/1(c)) +32(f)
45
T(c)=
(T(f) - 32(f)) x (1(c)/1.8(f))
46
T(k)=
T(c) + 273.15