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ICT > Unit 1 - Information and Systems > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Information and Systems Flashcards

0
Q

What is information?

A

Information is data that has been processed or given meaning.

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1
Q

What is data?

A

Data is the raw facts and figures before they have been processed or given meaning

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2
Q

What’s the information word equation?

A

Information = Data + Structure + Context + Meaning

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3
Q

What is structure in terms of data?

A

How the data is represented.

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4
Q

What is meant by context when talking about data?

A

The environment that the data is used in.

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5
Q

What is knowledge?

A

Application of information!

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6
Q

Name the 5 ways information can be represented?

A

Text, Graphics, Sound, Moving Pictures, LightEmitting diode (LED)

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7
Q

What’s the advantages of representing data using TEXT?

A

Clear to understand

Lots of detail

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8
Q

What’s the disadvantages of using text to represent information?

A

User must be able to read and understand the language

Lots of text cannot be read quickly

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9
Q

What are the advantages of using Graphics to represent information?

A

Multilingual

Can match what you see-physical shapes

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of using Graphics to represent information?

A

Can be confusing if the symbol isn’t clear

Some symbols mean different things in other countries

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11
Q

What are the advantages of using sound to represent information?

A

No fixed position

No sight needed

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of using sound to represent information?

A

Sounds can be misheard

Normally language based

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13
Q

What are the advantages of using moving pictures to represent information?

A

Lots of information can be shown

Not language dependant

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of using moving pictures to represent information?

A

Linear- if you don’t see the beginning you may not understand
Problems might occur if sound is attached

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15
Q

What are the advantages of using LEDs to represent information?

A

Can allow data to be secure

Can be used in noisy places

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of using LEDs to represent information?

A

Need sight to see the light

Combinations of lights may need to be known to be understood

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17
Q

Name the 5 data types?

A

Boolean, Real, Integer, Text/Sting, Date/Time

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18
Q

Give 1 example of when the data type Boolean is used?

A

Male or Female
Yes or No
Lower or Upper

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19
Q

When is the data type Real used?

A

When the data is a decimal number

20
Q

What is an integer in terms of data?

A

A whole number found in data

21
Q

Give an example of when the data type Text/Sting would be used?

A 
Forname
Surname
Address
PostCode
Telephone Number
22
Q

When is the Date/Time data type used?

A

When the data is in the form of a date or a time!

23
Q

What is Direct Data?

A

Data collected from an original source for a specific purpose!

24
What is indirect data?
Data that has already been collected and has been used for another purpose.
25
What is 1 advantage of using indirect data?
Large range of data is available that could not have been collected directly Data can cover different. Places and time periods Analysis may have already been carried out on the data
26
What is a disadvantage of using indirect data?
Data may be bias Cannot be confirmed as accurate May not get key facts required
27
What is an advantage of using direct data?
The exact amount of data can be collected The data can be changed in response to answers The source and collection method is known and can be verified
28
What is a disadvantage of using direct data?
May not get a large range of data | Data may not be available
29
What is the difference between static and dynamic information?
Static information, once created, cannot be changed! | Dynamic information can change or be updated!
30
Give an example of a static information source!
Books, newspapers, CD, DVD Roms
31
Give an example of dynamic information?
Web pages, Software, CD-RW, DVD-RW
32
What does GIGO stand for?
Garbage In Garbage Out
33
Name the six key factors that determine how good data is?
``` Accuracy Relevance Age Completeness Presentation Level of detail ```
34
What is a disadvantage of encoding data?
Data is not as accurate after being encoding as it was when collected If the encoding is too complex the data cannot be understood
35
Give an advantage of encoding data?
Memory is saved when data is shortened and encoded Time is saved when entering encoding data instead of long data that has been collected
36
What are the 7 categories of checks in validation of data?
Range, Type, Presence, Length, Lookup, Picture, Check Digit
37
What is verification?
Making sure that the information on the source document is the same as the information on the object document
38
Name the two types of verification errors?
Transcription, Transposition
39
What is transcription?
An error based on the user making an error when copying the data by hitting the wrong key or two at once
40
What is Transposition?
Errors where two numbers or letters have been reversed
41
What is backing up?
Keeping a copy of the current data
42
Name 2 methods of backing up?
Floppy disc, memory card, memory stick, CDRom, External Hard Disc Drive, Tape Drive.
43
What is archiving?
Archiving is for long-term storage of data that is not required immediately.
44
Why is archiving important?
When removing old files you eliminate the waste of time backing up unused files and also it frees up hard drive space which improves performance of the system!
45
Why does information cost money?
Information needs to be produced, it does not imply appear.
46
What are the four main cost areas of information?
Hardware, Software, Consumables, Personnel
47
Any IT system can be broken down into what 5 components?
Input, Process, Storage, Output, Feedback

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