Unit 1: Individual and Collective Rights Flashcards
- required the First Nations people to obtain government permission to wear traditional clothing
- banned traditional ceremonies such as the Sun Dance of the Siksika
- prevented First Nations from taking any political action
- took away rights from First Nations people
- passed without consultation of Canada’s First Nations
The Indian Act of 1867
When did women get the right to vote in Canada?
It was during the First World War that some women in Canada were finally allowed to vote and in 1919 all European women over 21 had the right to vote in a federal election.
It wasn’t until 1960 that ALL Canadian women finally had the right to vote.
Which act, passed in 1914, led to the arrest and internment of Italian Canadians, Ukrainian Canadians, and Japanese Canadians?
The War Measures Act
1914: WWI Canada was at war with Germany and Austria and so people from Ukraine and German descent were sent to internment camps.
- in 1940 during WWII, Canada used the War Measure Act to arrest and intern people of Italian descent. The arrests affected more than 700 people.
- in 1942 Canada used the Act to arrest and intern more than 20000 people with Japanese ancestry following the bombing of Pearl Harbour Dec 7, 1941.
This act made it illegal for most Canadian businesses to open on Sunday.
Lord’s Day Act
What was the result of Big M Drug Mart challenging the Lord’s Day Act in 1982 (3 months after the Charter of Rights and Freedoms become part of Canada’s constitution) by staying open on Sunday?
The case was appealed to the Supreme Court where it was found that the Lord’s Day Act violated Canadian’s fundamental right to freedom of conscience and religion.
Canada’s No Fly List “Antiterrorism Act” explained:
In 2007, Canada’s government banned certain people from traveling by air for national security reasons. Canada’s gov’t published a ‘no fly’ list of people to be barred from boarding airline flights. These people were “reasonably suspected” by federal officials as threats. when people check in at the airport, they are automatically screened against the gov’t’s ‘no fly’ list. Canada’s privacy commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart said the gov’t should suspend the new “no-fly” list as it is a statute which impedes Canada’s Privacy Act and profoundly impacts the rights of Canadians including freedom of association and mobility rights.
Schools that were meant to provide First Nation children with an education and to also assimilate them. They removed children from their families and disrupted their culture. Now the Canadian gov’t is compensating former students for what they went through.
Residential Schools 1879-1996.
This group speaks one of Canada’s official languages (French or English) and does not make up the majority in the province or territory.
Official language minority group
A school that provides education for kids whose first language is French.
Francophone Schools
The term used in Canada to collectively describe the policies, constitutional provisions, and laws which ensure the legal equality of English and French in the Parliament and courts of Canada, protect the linguistic rights of English and French-speaking minorities in different provinces, and ensure a level of government services in both languages across Canada.
Official Bilingualism
side note: Provinces determine if they are officially bilingual (New Brunswick and Manitoba) or unilingual (Quebec: French; Alberta and Sask.: English).
Document entrenched thus protected in the Constitutional Act (1982) that lists and describes the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to Canadians. Allows Canadians to challenge laws in court that restrict their rights. Also states gov’t is justified in restricting rights if the restrictions are necessary to maintain Canada as a free and democratic society.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Law pertaining to the rights and status of Aboriginal Peoples; initially enacted in 1867 and amended several times.
Indian Act
An organization of workers that act to protect worker’s rights and interests.
Labour Unions
A special set of laws that establish a framework of governance. Highest law in Canada
constitution
The umbrella name for the diverse Aboriginal peoples who have collective rights that are recognized and protected in Canada’s constitution.
First Nations
side note: the constitution refers the First Nations as “Indians”, in keeping with the name used at the time of negotiating treaties
List our Fundament Freedoms under the Charter.
- Freedom to express your own opinion
- Freedom to choose your own religion
- Freedom to organize peaceful meetings and demonstrations
- Freedom to associate with any person or group
List our Democratic Rights under the Charter.
- The right to vote for members of the House of Commons and provincial legislatures
- The right to vote for a new gov’t at least every 5 years.
List our Mobility Rights under the Charter.
- The right to move anywhere within Canada and earn a living there
- The right to enter, stay in, or leave Canada
List our Legal Rights under the Charter.
- The right to be free of imprisonment, search seizure without reasons backed by law and evidence
- The right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes you are innocent until proven guilty
List our Equality Rights under the Charter.
-The right to be free from discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disability
List responsibilities as a Canadian Citizen.
- understand and obey Canada’s laws
- express opinions freely while respecting the rights and freedoms of others
- help others in the community
- care for and protect our heritage and environment
- eliminate discrimination & injustice
- vote in elections (municipal, provincial, & federal)
The incorporation of one culture into another
assimilation/assimilate
someone who speaks French as a first language
Francophone
someone who speaks English as a first language
Anglophone
to validate or agree with
affirm (as in ‘affirm rights’)
What year was the Charter of Rights and Freedoms established?
1982
What right is being violated if someone is forced to retire at age 65, even if they don’t want to?
freedom from discrimination
What right is being violated if a woman is paid less than a man for doing the same job?
freedom from discrimination
Which rights are not given to people who are NOT Canadian citizens?
- mobility rights (to leave and enter the country)
- democratic rights (the right to vote)
when someone thinks their culture or belief system is better/superior to other cultures/beliefs
ethnocentrism
Section 23 of the Charter that allows people the right to an education in their native language (only French or English) even if they are not the majority of the population.
Language Minority Rights
“Founding groups” in Canada with specific rights different from other groups.
Collective rights
Past agreements with First Nations. First Nation peoples were starving and dying from disease and were in no position to fight the Europeans.
Numbered Treaties
side note: at first treaties affirmed rights. they offered land (reserves), money and protection. Later, they denied rights by not allowing them to practice their traditions and by forcing residential schools upon them.
Collective rights of the Metis explained:
Initally, the Metis were not given rights of French speaking or First Nations people. Louise Riel fought for Metis rights. Gov’t ave Metis SCRIP land (bad land). In 1990, Metis were given permanent land and self government. In 2003, Metis were given fishing and hunting rights.
self government/governing
sovereignty (i.e. Metis after 1990)
What rights and freedoms does the “no-fly” list violate?
- the right to innocence until proven guilty
- the right to enter and leave Canada
- freedom from discrimination
- freedom of association
On average, how much money does a woman make compared to every dollar a man makes at the same job in Canada?
73 cents
to become part of a different culture
assimilation
being denied the right to vote
disenfranchised
a belief in the superiority of one culture
ethnocentrism
The branch of government that makes the decision when someone challenges a law that restricts their rights and freedoms
The Judicial Branch
Detention or confinement of a person during war.
internment
The federal law that could limit the rights & freedoms of Canadians during times of crisis
War Measures Act
The highest law in Canada that establishes a framework of governance in Canada.
Constitution
An organization of workers that acts to protect workers’ rights & interests.
Labour Union
A parent-child relationship
Paternalistic
person who supports the right to vote
suffragist
The authority to make decisions.
autonomy
To bring to a country something that belongs to the country
Patriate
Independence as a people, with a right to self-government.
sovereignty
Individuals with the power to decide individually how government would fulfill its duties in carrying out the Indian Act.
Indian agent
The law passed by the British government in 1774 that recognized the rights of Francophones in British North America (Canada).
Québec Act
The law that established Canada as a bilingual, bicultural nation.
The British North American Act (BNA Act)
In Métis history, a document that could be exchanged for land.
Scrip
Paid for by taxes and provided by government.
Publicly funded
A person whose first language is English.
Anglophone
A person whose first language is French.
Francophone
Rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canadian society for historical and constitutional reasons.
Collective Rights
The shared identity of a group of people especially because of a common language and culture.
Collective Identity
Aboriginal peoples is the umbrella name for which three groups?
First Nations, Metis, and Inuit (FNMI)
To validate and express commitment to something.
Affirm
