Unit 1 II

Question 1

the three types of cells in bone tissue that produce or maintain the tissue

Answer 1

osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

Question 2

stem cells that differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts

Answer 2

osteogenic cells

Question 3

cells that actively produce and secrete the organic components of the bone matrix; bone forming cell

Answer 3

osteoblasts

Question 4

the bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

Answer 4

osteoid

Question 5

mature bone cell, it occupies the a lacuna in the bone matrix

Answer 5

osteocyte

Question 6

derived from white blood cells, these multinucleated cells break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the mineral component of the matrix

Answer 6

osteoclasts

Question 7

the four classifications of bones

Answer 7

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 8

a classification of bone that has a shaft and two distinct ends

Answer 8

long bone

Question 9

a classification of bone that is roughly cubed-shaped

Answer 9

short bone

Question 10

a classification of bone that is thin, flattened, and usually somewhat curved

Answer 10

flat bone

Question 11

a classification of bone that has various shapes that do not fit into any other bone category

Answer 11

irregular bone

Question 12

a piece of the bony network in spongy bone

Answer 12

trabecula

Question 13

dense outer layer of the bone

Answer 13

compact bone

Question 14

bone in which the spicules form a latticework, with interstices filled with embryonic connective tissue or bone marrow

Answer 14

spongy bone

Question 15

elongated shaft of a long bone

Answer 15

diaphysis

Question 16

the end of a long bone, attached to the shaft

Answer 16

epiphysis

Question 17

a remnant of the epiphyseal plate present in some bones

Answer 17

epiphyseal line

Question 18

at any given time, between ____% and ___% of the blood in the body is in the skeleton

Answer 18

3% and 11%

Question 19

the very center of the diaphysis of lone bones which contains no bone tissue at all

Answer 19

medullary cavity

Question 20

membrane of fibrous connective tissue that covers the external surface of bones of the skeleton

Answer 20

periosteum

Question 21

thick bundles of collagen that run from the periosteum into the bone matrix

Answer 21

perforating collagen fiber bundles (Sharpey’s fibers)

Question 22

layer of cells lining the internal surfaces of bone

Answer 22

endosteum

Question 23

the internal spongy bone of flat bones

Answer 23

diploë

Question 24

tube-shaped unit in mature, compact bone; consists of concentric layers of bone lamellae surrounding a central canal

Answer 24

osteon (Haversian system)

Question 25

a layer of bone matrix in which the collagen fibers and mineral crystals align and run in a single direction

Answer 25

lamella

Question 26

contains its own blood vessels, which supply nutrients to the bone cells of the osteon, and its own nerve fibers; at each core of each osteon

Answer 26

central canal (Haversian canal)

Question 27

large rounded projection; may be roughened

Answer 27

tuberosity

Question 28

narrow ridge of bone; usually very prominent

Answer 28

crest

Question 29

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only examples are on femur)

Answer 29

trochanter

Question 30

narrow ridge or bone; less prominent than a crest

Answer 30

line

Question 31

small rounded projection or process

Answer 31

tubercle

Question 32

raised area on or above a condyle

Answer 32

epicondyle

Question 33

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Answer 33

spine

Question 34

any bony prominence

Answer 34

process

Question 35

shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Answer 35

fossa

Question 36

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Answer 36

facet

Question 37

rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa

Answer 37

condyle

Question 38

round or oval opening through a bone

Answer 38

foramen

Question 39

canal-like passageway

Answer 39

meatus

Question 40

cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Answer 40

sinus