Unit 1 II Flashcards
the three types of cells in bone tissue that produce or maintain the tissue
osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
stem cells that differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts
osteogenic cells
cells that actively produce and secrete the organic components of the bone matrix; bone forming cell
osteoblasts
the bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts
osteoid
mature bone cell, it occupies the a lacuna in the bone matrix
osteocyte
derived from white blood cells, these multinucleated cells break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the mineral component of the matrix
osteoclasts
the four classifications of bones
long, short, flat, irregular
a classification of bone that has a shaft and two distinct ends
long bone
a classification of bone that is roughly cubed-shaped
short bone
a classification of bone that is thin, flattened, and usually somewhat curved
flat bone
a classification of bone that has various shapes that do not fit into any other bone category
irregular bone
a piece of the bony network in spongy bone
trabecula
dense outer layer of the bone
compact bone
bone in which the spicules form a latticework, with interstices filled with embryonic connective tissue or bone marrow
spongy bone
elongated shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
the end of a long bone, attached to the shaft
epiphysis
a remnant of the epiphyseal plate present in some bones
epiphyseal line
at any given time, between ____% and ___% of the blood in the body is in the skeleton
3% and 11%
the very center of the diaphysis of lone bones which contains no bone tissue at all
medullary cavity
membrane of fibrous connective tissue that covers the external surface of bones of the skeleton
periosteum
thick bundles of collagen that run from the periosteum into the bone matrix
perforating collagen fiber bundles (Sharpey’s fibers)
layer of cells lining the internal surfaces of bone
endosteum
the internal spongy bone of flat bones
diploë
tube-shaped unit in mature, compact bone; consists of concentric layers of bone lamellae surrounding a central canal
osteon (Haversian system)
a layer of bone matrix in which the collagen fibers and mineral crystals align and run in a single direction
lamella
contains its own blood vessels, which supply nutrients to the bone cells of the osteon, and its own nerve fibers; at each core of each osteon
central canal (Haversian canal)
large rounded projection; may be roughened
tuberosity
narrow ridge of bone; usually very prominent
crest
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only examples are on femur)
trochanter
narrow ridge or bone; less prominent than a crest
line
small rounded projection or process
tubercle
raised area on or above a condyle
epicondyle
sharp, slender, often pointed projection
spine
any bony prominence
process
shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
fossa
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
facet
rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa
condyle
round or oval opening through a bone
foramen
canal-like passageway
meatus
cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
sinus
