Unit 1: Ideologies Flashcards
self-reliance, freedom from authority
Individualist
a set of principles or ideas that explain your world and your place in it
simple definition of Ideology
what creates an ideology? (4 of them)
- Interpretations of history
- Beliefs about human nature
- Beliefs about society
- Visions of the future
a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy
Complex definition of Ideology
“are humans inherently good or evil? does DNA determine us? do we behave differently in groups? How much of what we do is acting on emotions?”
examples of Beliefs about Human nature
Another societal consideration focuses on how people should best organize and run their communities(i.e living arrangements of people)
examples of Beliefs about society
Most ideologies include a vision of what the world should be like in the future(3 of them); 1. Will everyone live in harmony? 2. Will there be class conflict? 3, Are we headed towards an apocalypse and the collapse of all societies?
examples of visions of the future
Values and beliefs are the underpinnings ___. They are: subjective, personal, highly influencial, standards by which we judge actions, standards by which we create goals, constantly evolving and non static
Ideologies
interdependence, importance of the group over the individual. Government is seen as a positive force that can help by controlling society
collectivist
Principles of Individualism (PRICES)
P - Private Property
R - Rule of law
I - Individual rights and freedom
C - Competition
E - Economic freedom
S - Self-interest
right to own and hold property, including intellectual property
Private Property
do your best, work hard, be the best; producers keep prices down by providing options, being innovative, and creating products that people want to buy
Competition
Everyone is answerable to the law and protected by it, including government- laws preserve and enlarge freedom
Rule of law
do what is best for you, pursue your own dreams and goals
Self-Interest
Key to liberalism is for each individual to have the right to vote, have the freedom of conscience, speech, association, etc.
Individual rights and freedoms
laissez-faire and the invisible hand; pursuit of wealth, success, money, and profit
Economic freedom
Principles of Collectivism (6 of them) (CCCAPE)
Collective Interest
Collective responsibility
Cooperation
Adherence to collective norms
Public Property
Economic Equality
state owned companies/industries, in the interest of the collective society; can include Crown Cooperations
Public Property
be a certain way, fit in (don’t stand out); often voluntary, but the ideology pressure encourages people to follow
Adherence to collective norms
what is best for the group; unions fighting for better treatment , better wages, the good of all workers
Collective interest
working together for the betterment of society, rather than trying to one-up each other
Cooperation
could take form of everyone being paid the same salary; can also be about access to good and services.
-Progressive taxation; more you make, more tax you pay
Economic Equality
holding whole group responsible for actions of individuals within the group; deterrence
Collective responsibility
key values of individualism and liberalism
political, economic, and social values
political values
Rule of law & Individual rights and freedom
Economic values
Economic freedom, self-interest, competition and private property
Social values
Individual rights
role of government in classical liberalism = __
Protect (individual rights and freedoms)
“Father of Liberalism”,born as a blank slate, and they learned everything about right and wrong. fundamental natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Political authority should come from the people
John Locke
famous for his views on liberty and human rights.* Father of the philosophy of utilitarianism, or “greatest happiness principle”, a standard of morality that uses happiness as its ultimate goal. everyone has the right to act as he or she pleases as long as their actions do not harm others.
John Stuart Mill
*Author of The Communist Manifesto, which outlined his belief that a workers’ revolution was necessary and inevitable. Capitalism inherently leads to exploitation, inequality and alienation.
Karl Marx
laissez-faire capitalism; Father of Modern Economics. Markets should have minimal government intervention. Prices should be determined by supply and demand
Adam Smith
ideas of the separation of powers. political relativism; form of government should be adapted to the specific needs, culture, and circumstances of each society. despotism and authoritarian rule
baron de Montesquieu
Lower taxes, fewer social services, less government intervention, hawkish international relations (force > diplomacy), legislating morality
Right wing
ideologies that embrace collectivism are located __
Left of center (left wing)
Higher taxes, more social services, more government intervention, dovish internation relations (force < diplomacy), morality left to individual
Left wing
Ideologies that embrace individualism are located __
Right of center (right wing)
reactionary, counterrevolutionary, dictatorship, Individual anarchy
Facism
Revolutionary, radical, dictatorship, social anarchy
Communism
political: social justice, environmentalism, international solidarity, exclusivity, minority rights, protection of civil liberties, non interventionism. Economic: high gov. ownership, mixed economy, economic equality, income distribution, progressive taxation, social welfare, workers rights
Socialism
