Unit 1: Human Development, Diversity, and Behavior in the Environment Flashcards
What are the Six levels of Cognitive Development
- Knowledge - rote memorization, recognition, or recall of facts
- Comprehension - understanding what the facts mean
- Application - correct use of the facts, rules, or ideas
- Analysis - breaking down information into component parts
- Synthesis - combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole
- Evaluation - judging or forming an opinion about the information or situation
Jean Piaget 4 Stages of Cognitive Development Theory
1.Sensorimotor (0-2yrs): Retains image of object, begins intentional action, play is imitative
2.Preperational (2-7yrs): Progress from concrete to abstract thinking, can comprehend past –> present –> future.
3. Concrete Operational (7-11yrs): Beginning of abstract thought, logical implications are understood, rules of logic are developed.
4. Formal Operations (11-Maturity): Higher level of abstraction, planning for future
Erik Erikson 8 Stages of Social Development (First 4)
- Trust v. Mistrust (Birth - 1yrs): trust others based upon the consistency of their caregiver(s)
- Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt (1- 3yrs): children begin to assert their independence by walking away from mom, picking toy to play, pick food and clothes
- Initiative v. Guilt (3-6yrs): Children assert themselves, plan activities, make up games
- Industry v. Inferiority (6yrs-Puberty): Pride in accomplishments, start and finish projects, feels good to finish them
Erik Erikson 8 Stages of Social Development (Last 4)
- Identity v. Role Confusion (During adolescence): Transition from childhood to adulthood, more independence. Look into future careers, relationships, family, etc.
- Intimacy v. Isolation (Young Adulthood): begin to share themselves more intimately with others.
- Generativity v. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood): begin to establish careers, relationships, have families
8 Ego Integrity v. Despair (Older adulthood): Retired, contemplate accomplishments and ask if you’re satisfied with life.
Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning Six Stages (1-2)
Pre-conventional
Elementary school level, before age 9
- Child obeys an authority figure out of fear or punishment. Obedience/punishment.
- Child acts acceptably as it is in her or his best interest Conforms to rules to receive rewards.
Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning Six Stages (3-4)
Conventional (Follow stereotypic norms of morality)
Early Adolescence
3.Person acts to gain approval from others (good boy/good girl)
4. Obeys laws and fulfills obligations and duties to maintain social system. Rules are rules. Avoids censure and guilt.
Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning Six Stages (5-6)
Post-conventional (this level is not reached by most adults)
Adult
5. Genuine interest in welfare of others; concerned with individual rights and being morally right.
6. Guided by individual principles based on broad, universal ethical principles. Concern for larger universal issues of morality.
Behaviorist (Pavlov, Skinner)
learning is viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in the external environment are the locus of learning.
Humanistic (Maslow)
learning is viewed as a person’s activities aimed at reaching his or her full potential, and the locus of learning is in meeting cognitive and other needs.
Social/Situational (Bandura)
learning is obtained between people and their environment and their interactions and observations in social contexts.
Aversion therapy
Aversion therapy treats undesirable behaviors with a negative stimulus attached to that behavior. A good example would be the treatment of alcoholism with Antabuse
Transference
Set of additional feelings that a client can bring to the same relationship
Countertransference
Extra feelings that a care provider can bring to a therapeutic relationship, such as affection or irritation
Parallel Process
Unconscious identification with a client’s issues
Somatization
Is the general term for the bodily exhibition of vague or unfounded medical complaints rooted in mental process
