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Unit 1 History > Unit 1 History > Flashcards

Unit 1 History Flashcards

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1
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

Telephone- improves communication. Faster, safer.

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2
Q

Samuel Morse

A

Telegraph/ Morse Code- improves communication. Faster, safer, over long distances.

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3
Q

Thomas Edison

A

incandescent light bulb- lengthens the work day. No longer dependent on sunlight.

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4
Q

Thomas Savery

A

Steam engine-makes transporting goods and people faster and safer.

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5
Q

Bessemer Process

A

Mass production of steel - allows for high rise construction, railroads

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6
Q

Factors for moving west

A

gold rush, homestead act, manifest destiny

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7
Q

gold rush

A

migration west after gold was discovered

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8
Q

homestead act

A

the government encouraged people to move west by offering free land to those

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9
Q

Dawes severity act (1877)

A

Forced natives to assimilate to “white” American culture. (i.e. broke up land into small pieces owned individually instead of being owned by a whole tribe)

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10
Q

railroads

A

Expansion of railroads; First transcontinental railroad connected East and West; Created more trade and increased westward expansion

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11
Q

industrialization

A

Economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods (AKA change from farming to factories).

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12
Q

urbanization

A

People moving to the city
*Moved for jobs in factories due to the increase in industry
*Cities became crowded

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13
Q

tenements

A

Small cramped apartments without lights, heating, or running water (slums); Common housing in cities during the Gilded Age

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14
Q

immigration

A

Irish and Eastern Europeans immigrated to the Northeast US. Chinese/ Asian immigrated to the West Coast of the US.

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15
Q

angel island, california

A

Point of entry for immigrants coming from Asia. Immigrants were subjected to intense interrogations and often detained for weeks to months at a time before being sent home or being allowed to immigrate

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16
Q

Ellis island, new york

A

Point of entry for immigrants coming from Europe

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17
Q

nativists

A

Someone who favors the needs of people born in the country over immigrants

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18
Q

E Pluribus Unum

A

Means “out of many, one”. It refers to the idea that the US is not made up of one race or ethnicity, but diverse groups of people who share common values.

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19
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

The government barred Chinese immigrants from receiving citizenship

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20
Q

Americanization/Assimilation

A

Adopting the culture of the majority

21
Q

Melting Pot Theory

A

Metaphor for the assimilation of immigrants. Different types of people blend together.

22
Q

Social Gospel

A

Christians’ response to the problems of the Gilded Age. They begin to become more outwardly focused by starting humanitarian organizations and getting involved in politics to fight for reforms. Ex: American Red Cross

23
Q

Jane Addams/Hull House

A

Part of the Social Gospel Movement; Founded the Hull House (a halfway house for immigrants which helped them find somewhere to live, get jobs, learn English, etc.)

24
Q

Political Machines

A

Political Bosses promised to help people find houses, get jobs, build roads, etc. if they would vote for a certain politician. The Political Boss also promised a politician he could get him elected using those votes, if the politician would do what the Political Boss wanted. Eliminates popular sovereignty.

25
Q

Political Boss

A

Person who controlled the Political Machine.

26
Q

Boss Tweed

A

Political Boss of Tammany Hall (Democratic Party) NY. Helped Irish immigrants find housing, get jobs, etc. in exchange for their vote.

27
Q

Populism (Populists)

A

Political party made up of people living in rural areas (farmers). Upset about railroad monopolies. Wanted bimetallism (paper money backed by gold and silver), limits on immigration, income taxes, an eight hour work day, and to tackle political corruption (Secret Ballot, Direct Election, etc.).
Although 3rd parties like the Populist Party never win elections, they are important because they introduce new ideas that get adopted by the main parties.

28
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

Government is hands off/ little regulation of the economy (business, trade, buying/ selling, etc.)

29
Q

Free Enterprise/Capitalism

A

Based on laissez-faire philosophy. The economy will regulate/ stabilize itself through competition and does not need the government to step in. (ex: if prices are too high, people won’t buy a product so the seller will have to lower the price.)

30
Q

Monopoly

A

Only one person/company controls a product.

31
Q

Benefits of Big Business

A

Large companies can produce goods faster and cheaper (i.e. like Amazon today!)

32
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

When a company buys out/ takes over/ destroys all competitors.

33
Q

Vertical Integration

A

When a company buys out all the things needed to make a product so no one else can make it.

34
Q

Trusts

A

People/ Companies work together to act like a monopoly.

35
Q

Robber Barons/ Captains of Industry

A

Nicknames used to describe monopoly/ big business owners in the Gilded Age.

36
Q

Philanthropy

A

Charity; Giving to those in need

37
Q

Philanthropist

A

Someone who helps others, often by donating money. (Ex: Andrew Carnegie donating money to build public libraries.)

38
Q

Rockefeller

A

oil Monopoly owner

39
Q

Carnegie

A

steel monopoly owner; philantropist

40
Q

gospel of wealth

A

Carnegie’s philosophy that those who are wealthy are superior in some way, which is why they are wealthy. For this reason, they should use their talents and money to care for those who are poor.

41
Q

J.P. Morgan

A

banking monopoly owner

42
Q

Vanderbilt

A

railroad monopoly owner

43
Q

Child labor

A

Children as young as 2 yrs were hired to work in factories and coal mines, for long hours (10-13 hours a day).

44
Q

labor unions

A

Used collective bargaining (working as a group) to negotiate for better work conditions, hours and wages.

45
Q

strikes

A

Refusing to work until your demands are met. Used by labor unions to fight for better work conditions, hours, wages.

46
Q

Haymarket square riot

A

While laborers were striking, a bomb went off. The labor union was blamed, making them even more unpopular with the government.

47
Q

interstate commerce act

A

The first time the federal gov’t got involved in the economy by trying to regulate monopolies/trusts by busting up the railroad monopoly.

48
Q

Sherman anti trust act

A

Prohibits monopolistic practices/ prevents formation of monopolies

Unit 1 History (2 decks)

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