Unit 1: Genetics

Question 1

DNA is made up of _________.

Answer 1

nucleotides

Question 2

What are the three main components of a nucleotide.

Answer 2

1. sugar
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogenous base

Question 3

What two components of a nucleotide make up the backbone?

Answer 3

sugar, phosphate group

Question 4

What are the nitrogenous base varieties?

Answer 4

A,C,T,G

Question 5

Every cell in the body has an ________ ____ of DNA

Answer 5

identical copy

Question 6

T or F: different species have different DNA structures

Answer 6

false (DNA structure is the same between species)

Question 7

The _______ of DNA varies between different species.

Answer 7

amount

Question 8

DNA is organised into homologous pairs of _________

Answer 8

chromosomes

Question 9

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 9

23 pairs

Question 10

In a homologous pair of chromosomes, where does each one come from?

Answer 10

Both each come from a separate parent

Question 11

what is a gene?

Answer 11

a gene is an instruction manual for a protein

Question 12

what is a protein

Answer 12

proteins are workers within a cell

Question 13

actions taken by proteins determine our…?

Answer 13

anatomy & physiology

Question 14

Define sexual reproduction

Answer 14

The process where an egg and a sperm cell fuse together

Question 15

What similarities do a homologous pair of chromosomes share?

Answer 15

fuck i forgot ask like mehra or someone

Question 16

sperm + egg = …?

Answer 16

half of the offspring’s genetic info

Question 17

What are gametes? Gametes are…

Answer 17

sex cells

Question 18

asexual reproduction is preferred when…

Answer 18

life is rich

Question 19

sexual reproduction is preferred when…

Answer 19

life is rough

Question 20

asexual reproduction vs sexual reproduction

Answer 20

asexual:
-offspring are genetically identical (clones) to parents
-individuals are more susceptible to disease
-creates lots of offspring
sexual:
-genetically diverse
-less susceptible to disease
-fewer offspring created

Question 21

somatic cells are _____ cells

Answer 21

body

Question 22

what is an allele?

Answer 22

a variety of a gene

Question 23

how do you find a diploid or haploid number of chromosomes?

Answer 23

yeah i got this wrong on the test how do u do this

Question 24

what does meiosis do?

Answer 24

makes gametes, forms four haploid cells from one diploid cell