Unit 1: Genetics Flashcards
DNA is made up of _________.
nucleotides
What are the three main components of a nucleotide.
- sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
What two components of a nucleotide make up the backbone?
sugar, phosphate group
What are the nitrogenous base varieties?
A,C,T,G
Every cell in the body has an ________ ____ of DNA
identical copy
T or F: different species have different DNA structures
false (DNA structure is the same between species)
The _______ of DNA varies between different species.
amount
DNA is organised into homologous pairs of _________
chromosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
In a homologous pair of chromosomes, where does each one come from?
Both each come from a separate parent
what is a gene?
a gene is an instruction manual for a protein
what is a protein
proteins are workers within a cell
actions taken by proteins determine our…?
anatomy & physiology
Define sexual reproduction
The process where an egg and a sperm cell fuse together
What similarities do a homologous pair of chromosomes share?
fuck i forgot ask like mehra or someone
sperm + egg = …?
half of the offspring’s genetic info
What are gametes? Gametes are…
sex cells
asexual reproduction is preferred when…
life is rich
sexual reproduction is preferred when…
life is rough
asexual reproduction vs sexual reproduction
asexual: -offspring are genetically identical (clones) to parents -individuals are more susceptible to disease -creates lots of offspring sexual: -genetically diverse -less susceptible to disease -fewer offspring created
somatic cells are _____ cells
body
what is an allele?
a variety of a gene
how do you find a diploid or haploid number of chromosomes?
yeah i got this wrong on the test how do u do this
what does meiosis do?
makes gametes, forms four haploid cells from one diploid cell
