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LFSC1001 > Unit-1: Fundamental unit of life > Flashcards

Unit-1: Fundamental unit of life Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What does the cell theory state?

A

All living organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from existing cells

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3
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, typically smaller and simpler

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4
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell

A

A cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, allowing for more complex functions

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5
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

They produce ATP through cellular respiration, serving as the energy powerhouse of the cell

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6
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells

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7
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

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8
Q

How is genetic material organized in prokaryotic cells?

A

It is organized in a single, circular DNA molecule located in the nucleoid region.

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9
Q

How is genetic material organized in eikaryotic cells?

A

It is organized into multiple linear chromosomes housed within a membrane-bound nucleus.

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10
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

It provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates intracellular transport

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11
Q

What processes does the cytoskeleton facilitate?

A

Cell motility and cell division

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12
Q

What is the cellular compoartmentalization?

A

The separation of different metabolic processes within distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

Why is cellular compartmentalization important?

A

It enhances metabolic efficiency and prevents interference between biochemical reactions

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14
Q

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

A

It provides genetic material and regulates the exchange of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm

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15
Q

How does the nuclear membrane influence gene expression?

A

It allows for controlled transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

What is the significance of all cells coming from existing cells?

A

It emphasizes the continuity of life and the shares characteristics of all living organisms

17
Q

What are organelles?

A

Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions

18
Q

What is the role of ribosomes?

A

They are responsible for protein synthesis

19
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It synthesizes proteins and lipids and transports them within the cell

20
Q

What is the role of lysosomes

A

They contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris

21
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

22
Q

What is the difference between rough and sooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and synthesizes proteins, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids

23
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

24
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts?

A

They are involved in photosynthesis in plant cells

25
Q

What is the significance of cell differentiation?

A

It allows cells to develop specialized functions in multicellular organisms

26
Q

What is apoptosis

A

The process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms

27
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

It is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains organelles

28
Q

How do cells communicate with each other?

A

Through signaling molecules and receptors on the cell surface

29
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

It provides structural support and protection

30
Q

What is the importance of DNA replication?

A

It ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material during cell division

LFSC1001 (4 decks)

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