Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Gov > Unit 1 - Foundations of American Democracy > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Foundations of American Democracy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

federalism

A

the sharing of power between the national government and the states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

checks and balances

A

a design of government in which each branch has powers that can check the other branches and prevent them from making policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

separation of power

A

a design of government that distributes powers across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on its own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nullification

A

states have the right to nullify (invalidate) any federal laws which they deem unconstitutional with respect to the U.S. Constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

implied powers

A

authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers (powers not specifically granted to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

expressed powers

A

authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

reserved powers

A

powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers granted to both states and the federal government in the Constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

federal system

A

a system where power is divided between the national and state government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

unitary system

A

a system where the central government has all of the power over subnational governments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

confederate system

A

a system where the subnational governments have most of the powers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

articles of confederation

A

a governing document that created a union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the union, were supreme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

federalist

A

supporter of the proposed Constitution; favors strong national government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anti-federalist

A

a person opposed to the proposed Constitution; favors stronger state government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay and published between 1787 and 1788 that lay out the theory behind the Constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

supremacy clause

A

constitutional provision declaring that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land (above state laws)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

virginia plan

A

a plan of government calling for a three-branch government with bicameral legislature, where more populous states would have more representation in Congress (representation by population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

new jersey plan

A

a plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state (same representation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the great compromise

A

combined virginia and new jersey plan; bicameral legislatrue with a house of rep apportioned proportionately to population and a senate apportioned equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

three-fifths compromise

A

a slave would count as three-fifths of a person in calculating a state’s reresentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

article I

A

legislative branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

article II

A

executive branch

23
Q

article III

A

judicial branch

24
Q

article IV

A

relations among states

25
Q

article V

A

provisions for amendments

26
Q

article VI

A

public debuts, supremacy of national law, oaths

27
Q

article VII

A

ratification

28
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state

29
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

grant Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers

30
Q

Shay’s rebellion

A

a popular uprising against the government of massachusetts about the debt crisis among the citizens and the state government’s increased efforts to collect taxes

31
Q

bill of rights

A

list of fundamental rights and freedoms that individuals posses

32
Q

dual federalism

A

a form of american federalism in which the states and the nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy

33
Q

cooperative federalism

A

a form of american federalism in which the states and the national government work together to shape public policy

34
Q

new federalism

A

political philosophy of devolution; transfer of certain powers from the federal government back to the states

35
Q

categorical grants

A

grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use; grants given to state and local governments that may be spent only for narrowly defined purpose

36
Q

block grants

A

grants-in-aid that gives state officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds (con : money may be used inefficiency)

37
Q

unfunded mandates

A

federal requirement that states must follow without being provided with funding

38
Q

programmatic requests

A

requests for congress to fund an authorized federal program at a specific level

39
Q

16th amendment

A

Congress have power to lay and collect taxes on income (impose federal income tax)

40
Q

17th amendment

A

the senate is composed of 2 senates from each state
(6 year per term and each senator = 1 vote)

41
Q

political ideology

A

an individual’s coherent set of beliefs about government and politics

42
Q

political spectrum

A

system to characterize and classify diff political positions in relation to one another
(left vs right)

43
Q

ex post facto law

A

a law punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed

44
Q

bill of attainder

A

when the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial

45
Q

writs of habeas corpus

A

the right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them

46
Q

equal protection clause

A

a clause of the 14th amendment that requires the states to treat al citizens alike with regard to application of the law

47
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

holding : court agreed that marbury did have right to have commission be delivered
rationale : judiciary act of 1789 conflicted with the constitution, congress cannot modify constitution –> judiciary act is unconstitutional
impact : established judicial review, checks and balance system

48
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

holding : congress have power to establish bank, state cannot tax the bank
rationale : court interpreted “necessary” as “appropriate and legitimate”, constitution is supreme = states cannot not control it
impact : increased federal power (esp supreme court)

49
Q

US v. Lopez

A

holding : gun-free school zones act was unconstitutional
rationale : possession of gun does not affect interstate economy enough for it to be regulated by federal government
impact : reaffirmed idea that local government also have control over issues, limiting federal government powers

50
Q

federalist 10

A

madison argues that dangers of faction can be mitigated by a large republic and republican government

51
Q

brutus no.1

A

anti-federalist paper arguing that the country was too large to be govern as a republic and that the Constitution gave too much power to the national government

52
Q

federalist 51

A

madison argues that separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny

53
Q

federalist 78

A

hamilton argues that federal judiciary would be unlikely to infringe upon rights and liberties but wold serve as a check on the other two branches

AP Gov (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions