Unit 1 - Foundation

Question 1

levels of organization

Answer 1

chemical/molecular
cellular
tissue

Question 2

chemical/molecular

Answer 2

atoms and molecules ( O, C, H, N, Ca, K, Na, Fe)

Question 3

cellular

Answer 3

smallest level carrying out life functions

survival needed for all other levels

Question 4

tissue

Answer 4

groups of cells with similar structure and function

four types - muscular, epithelial, connective and nervous

Question 5

tissue types

Answer 5

1. muscular
2. nervous
3. epithelial
4. connective

Question 6

Muscular tissue

Answer 6

generating force and movement

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

initiate and transmit electrical signals

Question 8

Epithelial tissue

Answer 8

exchange material between cell and environment

sheets of tissue and secreting glands

Question 9

Connective tissue

Answer 9

connects, support and anchors

Question 10

Levels or organization

Answer 10

organ (combine 2 or more tissues)
System (collection of organs with similar function)
Organism (system interact with each other, human body

Question 11

Environment of cell

Answer 11

cells in balance: fluid inside=fluid
internal environment ICF
external environment (cells not in contact with each other, ECF, plasma=fluid portion of blood, interstitial fluid)

Question 12

Homeostasis

Answer 12

regulate internal conditions (need stable conditions within narrow limits, survive only within range
Process of maintaining this stability, maintained by negative and positive feedback system

Question 13

Homeostatic control systems two types

Answer 13

Intrinsic controls

Extrinisic controls

Question 14

Extrinsic controls

Answer 14

control outside organ

actions of nervous system (AP) and endocrine system(hormones)

Question 15

intrinsic controls

Answer 15

local controls inside organ (food in stomach)

Question 16

Components of homeostatic control system

Answer 16

1. Sensor (receptor) cells detect deviation
2. control centre (integrator) brain receives information and compares with normal set point, messages sent to muscles, glands or both
3. Effector - muscle or gland responds to brain signals to restore homeostasis, feedback signals to sensor

Question 17

Negative feedback

Answer 17

response in opposire direction of deviation, removes deviation, restores homeostasis

Question 18

Positive feedback

Answer 18

response in same direction of deviation, reinforces deviation, uterine contractions become increasingly stronger until birth

Question 19

Feedforward

Answer 19

anticipates change

occurs when a change is desired over time (digestive tract) insulin secreted to promote absorption of nutrients

Question 20

Solutions

Answer 20

Mixture (2 or more atoms/molecules physically linked)

Solution ( chemical bonding solute [ substance dissolve in solvent] solvent [dissolving liquid]

Question 21

Solutions and Electrolytes

Answer 21

solutes dissolve in liquids (electrolytes, charged ions in water - conduct electricity)
solubility, ease of dissolving

Question 22

Hydrophobic

Answer 22

insoluble in water, repelled by water molecules

Question 23

Hydrophilic

Answer 23

water soluble

Question 24

Chemical reactions

Answer 24

breaking or forming chemical bonds

catalyst (enzymes) increases rate of reaction

Question 25

Cations and anions

Answer 25

atoms may become ions
lose electron (+)
gain electron (-)