Unit 1 - Food and Energy Flashcards
Name 3 important functions of food in the body.
1) energy needed for movement and developmen
2) growth and repair
3) components reqiured to prevent the body from illness and keep it healthy
List the 7 dietary components
carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, fats, water and fibre
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins all contain 3 elements. List them.
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Which additional element does protein contain?
Hydrogen
What is meant by having a balanced diet?
Eating all nutrients in the correct proportions
Carbohydrates contain which simple sugars?
Sucrose, glucose and lactose
Carbohydrates contain which complex sugars?
Cellulose, glycogen and starch
List 5 starchy foods.
Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, cereals
List 4 sugary foods.
Fizzy drinks, sweets, chocolate, fruit
What do carbohydrates provide us with?
Energy
Is sugar a slow or fast acting energy source?
Fast acting
Is starch a fast or slow energy release energy source?
Slow release
How do we store carbohydrate in our bodies?
As glycogen
What is glycogen broken down into when sugar reseves are low in the body?
Glucose
What role does cellulose in plant cells have in our body?
This is fibre which adds bulk to our diet, helping the muscles of the intestine push food along.
What solution is used to test for starch?
Iodine
What is the colour change of iodine when starch is present?
Yellow-brown to blue-black
What reagent is used to detect sugar?
Benedicts solution
What change occurs with benedicts solution when sugar is present?
Blue to brick-red precipitate
What main structures of the body does protein form?
Skin and muscles
What is protein required for?
Growth and repair of tissues
What are the special protein molecules which control chemical reactions?
Enzymes
When reserves of carbohydrates and fat are low, what is protein used for?
Energy
What are the smaller molecules that protein is made up?
Amino acid
How many amino acids are there?
20
Which foods are proteins plentiful in?
Meat, fish, eggs
What is the test for protein?
Biuret solution
