Unit 1 FC

Question 1

What are the learning objectives for Chapter 2?

Answer 1

-concepts related to disease transmission
-define important terms
-learn to calculate attack rate
-define outbreak investigation steps

Question 2

Human disease spreading has 4 major components- what are they?

Answer 2

Host, vector, environment, and agent

Question 3

host

Answer 3

human, who is hosting the disease

Question 4

vector

Answer 4

anything that is a vehicle of transmission for disease
-handshake
-droplet
-insect

Question 5

environment

Answer 5

air pollution, overpopulation, sidewalks

Question 6

agent

Answer 6

what causes the disease (usually a pathogen like bacteria)

Question 7

There are two overarching terms in regards to modes of transmission- what are they?

Answer 7

General Transmission and Human to Human Transmission

Question 8

General Transmission

Answer 8

Abiotic environmental factors: wind, water, inhalation of spores, entry into skin

Animal vectors: mosquitos (malaria, dengue), fleas (bubonic plague)

Question 9

Human to Human Transmission has 5 different types, what are they?

Answer 9

1) Direct contact
2) indirect contact
3) droplets
4) airborne
5) fecal- oral

Question 10

Direct Contact

Answer 10

Pathogen survives best inside of the body
*HIV, Herpesviruses, Ebola

Question 11

Indirect Contact

Answer 11

-Pathogen survives best in harsh environment
-pick up pathogen from surface or air
*Influenza, norovirus

Question 12

Droplets

Answer 12

-pathogens are in droplets of blood, urine, sweat, spit (sneeze), but do not survive long this way
*Ebola, Bordetella pertussis

Question 13

Airborne

Answer 13

Pathogens aerosolized and STAY infective
-travel by air or walk by hours later
*Influenza, Tuberculosis, Covid?

Question 14

Fecal-Oral

Answer 14

Through contaminated water or food
*Cholera, Norovirus, Shigella

Question 15

Big list of host characteristics

Answer 15

1. age
2. sex
3. race
4. religion
5. customs
6. occupation
7. genetic profile
8. marital status
9. family background
10. previous diseases
11. immune status

Question 16

Big list of types of agents and examples

Answer 16

Biological (bacteria and viruses)
Chemical (heavy metals, alcohol, smoke)
Physical (trauma, radiation, fire)
Nutritional (lack or excess)

Question 17

Big list of environmental factors

Answer 17

1. Temp
2. humidity
3. altitude
4. crowding
5. housing
6. neighborhood
7. water
8. milk
9. food
10. radiation
11. air pollution
12. noise

Question 18

There are 7 sites and sources of microbiological infection, what are they?

Answer 18

1. respiratory tract
2. mouth
3. conjunctiva
4. skin
5. anus
6. urogenital tract
7. alimentary tract